籃球愛好者都知道,拍球時力氣越大,球就跳得越高。心理學(xué)家將這一現(xiàn)象稱之為“拍球效應(yīng)”,比喻人們承受的壓力越大,反而越能激發(fā)潛能;反之,壓力太小,動力不足,很難發(fā)揮出真正的水平。
現(xiàn)代社會的壓力主要源于fierce competition。激烈的競爭幾乎見諸于我們社會生活、工作、學(xué)習(xí)的方方面面。生活中,我們?nèi)淌苤飪r上漲,生活成本增加的壓力;工作中,我們?nèi)淌苤萍及l(fā)展,技術(shù)日新月異所帶的效率提高和競爭增加的壓力;學(xué)習(xí)中,我們面臨著學(xué)業(yè)、擇業(yè)、就業(yè)等壓力。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),適度的壓力有利于人們保持良好的狀態(tài),從而提高個人工作、學(xué)習(xí)效率與團隊的整體效率。特別是在從事簡單的任務(wù)時,心理壓力大小與完成情況直接掛鉤。而在完全沒有壓力的環(huán)境下,人容易滋生惰性,變得頹廢不前,難有進步,就像水沒有落差就不會流動一樣。因此,學(xué)會與壓力共存,才能激發(fā)自己達到最佳狀態(tài)。
回顧近年四六級考試,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)觀點對比型的作文經(jīng)常見諸四六級考試命題中:如2009年12月份六級:藝術(shù)培訓(xùn)班;2009年6月份六級:名字的重要性;2008年6月份六級:電子圖書和2008年6月四級:娛樂活動;2007年6月六級:做好事是否應(yīng)該追求回報;2006年12月四級:春晚。
可見,該種命題形式在六級考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率是多于四級的,而且六級涉及的話題往往也比四級更加抽象一些。
在命題形式上,觀點對比型的寫作要求也有別于2006年之前的寫作形式,突出體現(xiàn)在首段需要對主題現(xiàn)象進行描述。
下面的這篇練習(xí)題目的主題是:competition。也可以理解為壓力。
話題僅供童鞋們參考,重在熟悉該類作文的寫作思路和常見表達。
2010年12月四、六級作文類型展望與話題預(yù)測3:觀點對比型作文:競爭
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Competition. You should write no less than 120/150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1、現(xiàn)代社會競爭激烈,例如。。。。。
2、有人喜歡競爭,也有人持反對意見
3、我的看法
On Competition
寫作思路解析:
首段:四句話:現(xiàn)象描述+正方觀點+正方理由1+正方理由2
Living in an era of information and technology, individuals are confronted with a wide variety of competitions or pressures: in study, we suffer from academic competition; in work, we live under pressure of efficiency; in life, we strive against the ascending cost of living. Some are in favor of competition. In their eyes, without competition, it is impossible for the society as a whole to progress. Besides, in their opinion, competition will definitely promote the development of those who spare no effort to work, which otherwise would be impossible.
二段:三句話:反方觀點+反方理由1(危害)+反方理由1(危害)
Rewarding as it is, others hold an opposite perspective. First, what makes many experts worried is that too many competitions may harm people’s physical and mental fitness. Second, to some extent, their opinion derives from the fact that competition between friends or colleagues may impair the friendship or team spirit.
尾段:三句話:我的看法+理由+展望未來
As a college student, I am firmly convinced that it is necessary to have some competition. In spite of the disadvantages, we do need competition to enhance our working and studying efficiency. Only by means of proper competition can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which every one spare no effort to their work and study.(207words)
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