2009年12月英語四級(jí)寫作的基本理論與技巧

　　文章的開篇方法多種多樣，大家必須根據(jù)文章的題材、體裁、讀者等來加以選擇。這里介紹四種常用的開篇方法：

　　1) 開門見山,直入主題

　　開始段可用簡潔的語言直陳主題思想，既可以吸引讀者的注意力，又可以避免跑題。例如：

　　主題：Euthanasia(安樂死)

　　It has been said that euthanasia is quietly being practiced in some urban areas of China, despite a lack of legal protection for the death option. In my opinion, it is right to exercise mercy killing.

　　該段第一句引入安樂死這一討論的主題，第二句接著直接陳述作者對(duì)安樂死的看法。從這個(gè)開始段不難看出，全文將闡述“為什么實(shí)行安樂死是對(duì)的”。

　　2) 以問句形式開頭,點(diǎn)明主題

　　文章的開頭還可用設(shè)問的方式點(diǎn)明主題，提示全文內(nèi)容，激發(fā)讀者讀下去，探個(gè)究竟。例如：

　　主題：Water Shortage

　　China, a country blessed with a great number of rivers, has abundant water resources. However, China’s many cities are going thirsty.What has caused the shortage?

　　本段第一句說中國水資源豐富，第二句指出中國許多城市卻缺水，第三句提出了讀者心中的疑問：是什么原因?qū)е氯彼��?從而激發(fā)讀者的興趣，吸引讀者讀下去，尋找問題的答案。

　　3) 引用名言、諺語，點(diǎn)明主題

　　開始段還可以巧妙引用與主題相關(guān)的名言、常用習(xí)語、諺語、格言等，既可增強(qiáng)文章的感染力，也可點(diǎn)題或表明作者的觀點(diǎn)。例如：

　　主題：Honor(榮譽(yù))

　　“We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.”

　　So ends the Declaration of Independence. The men who founded the United States had many differences, but they agreed on one thing: Honor. Two hundred years later we seem to have lost it.

　　該段引用《獨(dú)立宣言》的結(jié)束語(“我們謹(jǐn)以我們的生命、我們的命運(yùn)和我們神圣的榮譽(yù)相互立誓”)，很自然地引入“榮譽(yù)”這一討論的主題，同時(shí)也增強(qiáng)了文章的感染力。

　　4) 描寫共有經(jīng)歷，引起共鳴

　　開始段還可通過描寫與讀者共有的經(jīng)歷，引起讀者的共鳴，增強(qiáng)說服力。例如：

　　主題：Daydreaming

　　“Daydreaming again, Barb? You’ll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way! Can’t you find something useful to do?”

　　Many youngsters have heard words like those from their parents. And until recently this hostile attitude towards daydreaming was the most common one. Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do.

　　本段通過許多年經(jīng)人常常從他們父母那聽到的話開頭，引出“白日做夢(mèng)”這一主題，很容易引起讀者的共鳴，激發(fā)他們的興趣，同時(shí)又能增強(qiáng)了文章的說服力。