錦囊妙計(jì)1：聽到什么就不選什么
“聽到什么就不選什么”是一個(gè)非常有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的“技巧”，可是，正如風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資一樣，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越高，其回報(bào)率也就越高。如果聽到的內(nèi)容實(shí)在太難，你根本就沒有聽到具體在說什么，而只是聽到了片言只語，那么，對(duì)于短對(duì)話題來說，你還有什么辦法能起死回生?這時(shí)能夠救命的只有這條計(jì)策了。
本妙計(jì)何以能夠成立?其依據(jù)是什么?
由于短對(duì)話太“短”了，由一來一回兩三句話構(gòu)成，考點(diǎn)挖掘的余地就是對(duì)話里那幾個(gè)詞，因此，命題者就必然要在選項(xiàng)上做文章，用原文中的詞匯加以組合，拼湊成與原文“貌合神離”的干擾選項(xiàng)。讓沒有聽懂原文、只是聽懂原文個(gè)別詞句的考生上當(dāng)受騙。而正確答案往往是原文的同義替換(或解釋說明)。
錦囊妙計(jì)“聽到什么就不選什么”尤其適用于一些比較簡單的短對(duì)話和長對(duì)活題目中!
【例1】A)The mall placed the reading list on a desk.
B)The man regrets being absent-minded.
C)The woman.saved the man 80me trouble.
D)The woman emptied the waste paper basket.
【錄音】M：1 wish I hadn’t thrown away that reading list
W：I thought you might regret it.That's why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it On the desk.
Q：What do we learn from the conversation? [2007.6/T13]
【解析】答案為C。從解題的正路來分析。男士說：“我真希望沒有扔掉那張閱讀書單�！迸炕卮鹫f：“我估計(jì)你會(huì)后悔的，所以就把它從廢紙簍里撿了出來.放在書桌上了。”因此C“女士給男士省去了一些麻煩”正確。但沒聽懂的考生怎么辦?就只能使出絕技“聽到什么就不選什么”了。選項(xiàng)A、B、D中分別出現(xiàn)了對(duì)話中的reading list，regrets，waste paper basket，因此選C。
錦囊妙計(jì)2：答非所問。必有弦外之音
在對(duì)話中，如果S1(即Speaker 1“第一個(gè)說話者”)說了一般疑問句，S2應(yīng)該怎樣回答呢?S2應(yīng)該回答Yes或No——最開始學(xué)英語的時(shí)候，老師就教過我們這一點(diǎn)了。然而，在聽力對(duì)話中，我們經(jīng)常聽到的卻是yes/no的變體�；卮鹬胁粌H沒有出現(xiàn)yes或no，而且有時(shí)候還會(huì)用問句來回答問句!這時(shí)，出題人莊往就會(huì)考查對(duì)S2的回答的理解。一般來說。如果S2對(duì)S1的一般疑問句不作直接回答。表示S2是一種強(qiáng)烈的否定態(tài)度，或者是一種帶條件的肯定態(tài)度。正確答案即可由此選定。
【例2】A)She read only part of the book.
B)She is interested in reading novels.
C)She seldom reads books from cover to cover.
D)She was eager to know what the book was about.
【錄音】M：Hi，Susan! Have you finished reading the book Professor Johnson recommended?
W：Oh，I haven't read it through the way I'd read a novel.I just read a few chapters which interested me.
Q：What does the woman mean? [2007.6/T15]
【解析】答案為A。如果聽到了S2說的“我只讀了我感興趣的幾章”，即可正確作答。如果沒聽清，則可從另一角度來解答本題：S1提出一個(gè)簡單疑問句“Have you finished reading the book...?”，s2沒有直接用yes或no回答。正確選項(xiàng)往往表示對(duì)S1問題的否定回答或帶條件的肯定回答，此處S2是有條件的肯定。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與read及the book有關(guān)的只有A項(xiàng).C沒有提到 the book的情況。
【例3】A)The woman is watching an exciting film with the man.
B)The woman can't take a photo of the mall.
C) The woman is running toward the lake.
D)The woman is filming the lake.
【錄音】M：Look，the view is fantastic.Could you take a picture of me with the lake in the background?
W：I am afraid I just ran out of film.
Q：What do we learn from the conversation? 『2004.1/T2]
【解析】答案為B。S1說：“風(fēng)景美極了，以湖為背景給我照張相好嗎?”S2沒有回答yes或no，只是啰嗦了一通“恐怕我沒有底片了”。其含義當(dāng)然是說 “No”.但其效果就比單純的“No”好得多：我不給你照相是因?yàn)榭陀^原因，而不是我不想。這就免得對(duì)方生氣了。這也正是“答非所問”的功能之一。另外。本題也可以用“聽到什么就不選什么”的策略。聽力原文中，film指照相用的“膠卷、底片”，而選項(xiàng)中的film都是指“電影”。正確選項(xiàng)B中的take a photo正是原文中take a picture的同義替換。
錦囊妙計(jì)3：S2簡短回答不簡單
題型特征：對(duì)于S1的問話或者聲明，s2的回答分為“簡短回答+詳細(xì)解說”兩部分。簡短同答部分是日�？谡Z，很容易聽懂;然而后面緊跟著的解說部分充滿了種種艱深的詞匯，很長、很費(fèi)解。
理解要點(diǎn)。①若詳細(xì)解說前沒有but，則解說部分是對(duì)前面簡短回答的補(bǔ)充與說明;②若詳細(xì)解說前有but，則屬于“中but題”，解說部分含義與簡短回答部分相反。由此可以推出答案。
在這種題型中。S2的簡短回答部分是其整個(gè)回答的“先遣部隊(duì)”，對(duì)于理解對(duì)話、解答問題具有重要的價(jià)值。因此，盡管它相對(duì)容易聽懂，但也必須予以高度重視.力求憑借它正確答題。
【例4 】A)He has left the army recently.
B)He quit teaching in June.
C)He has taken over his brother's business.
D) He opened a restaurant near the school.
【錄音】W：Are you still teaching at the junior high school?
M：Not since June.***(聽不懂)
Q：What do we learn about the man from the conversation? [2007.6/T14]
【解析】答案為B。S2的后半句話非常長(My brother and I opened a restaurant as soon as he got out of the army.)，“很難”聽懂。那么，根據(jù)聽到的內(nèi)容，可以選擇答案嗎?分析聽懂了的部分可知，S1問：你還在教初中嗎?預(yù)期中的回答應(yīng)該是“在”或者“不在”。而S2回答：6月以來就沒有了。由此，可以毫不猶豫地選擇B項(xiàng)。至于剩下的選項(xiàng)中，均與S1的問題無關(guān)
錦囊妙計(jì)4：強(qiáng)烈語氣題
什么叫“強(qiáng)烈語氣”?真是很難說清楚。如果正常情況下用正常的語法、句型可以表達(dá)某個(gè)意思。而實(shí)際上又沒有用這樣的句型，而是用了特殊的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、語音、語調(diào)表達(dá)特殊含義。其間必然附帶產(chǎn)生特殊的語氣，尤其是表示強(qiáng)烈情感特征的語氣。
在短對(duì)話聽力題目中，具有強(qiáng)烈語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)主要有：
*帶升調(diào)的肯定句，表示疑問.例如：And I do?
*否定疑問句，表示感嘆。例如：Isn't it fantastic?
*一般疑問句，表示建議與不滿，例如：Are you kidding?
*虛擬條件句。表示遺憾或愿望。
*簡短的回答語，如：Really? Oh，no! Terrible!
*用疑問語氣重復(fù)S1話語中的核心詞組，表示懷疑、不贊同或者對(duì)S1的進(jìn)一步論述。
*特殊的重讀詞匯，表示對(duì)比。
*肯定形式的反問句，表示強(qiáng)烈的否定語氣，而否定形式的反問句，表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定語氣。例如：由“Why(not)+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的建議句。
對(duì)于包含這類強(qiáng)烈語氣的對(duì)話題目，其考查的重點(diǎn)往往就是這些特殊話語結(jié)構(gòu)的含義。如果能準(zhǔn)確理解它們，這些題也就可以輕松解答。萬一未能聽懂相關(guān)話語，只是聽出了這樣的特殊語氣，那么，該如何理解對(duì)話，從而解題呢?基本原則是：這樣的強(qiáng)烈語氣，是針對(duì)前面S1的話而來的。它要么表示對(duì)S1的強(qiáng)烈的肯定與支持要么表示對(duì)S1的強(qiáng)烈否定。因此，不是正面選答案，就是反面選答案。
【例5】A) The Edwards are quite well-off.
B) The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.
C) It'll be unwise For the Edwards to buy another house.
D) It's too expensive for the Edwards to have in their present house.
【錄音】W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house
M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, and their present house is not too bad.
Q: What does the man imply? [2006.6FF13]
【解析】答案為C。S2的“Should they be doing that?”句型表明了一種強(qiáng)烈不贊同的語氣，對(duì)S1提到的they(即the Edwards)的做法(即buy another house)表示否定。題目問S2的話意，我們只要看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)否定了they的做法.那就是正確答案。
錦囊妙計(jì)5：運(yùn)用邏輯直接排除選項(xiàng)
當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間存在邏輯上的包孕關(guān)系、排斥關(guān)系或者矛盾關(guān)系時(shí)，可以視步排除兩個(gè)(以上)選功，再帶著預(yù)知結(jié)果的期待聽錄音，往往事半功倍。本妙汁適合邏輯分析能力片聽力能力高的考生。
【例6】A) The woman is driving too fast.
B) The woman is driving at a low speed.
C) The woman has broken a traffic rule.
D) The woman has parked her car in a wrong place.
【錄音】M: This is a one-way street. Didn't you see the sign?
W：sorry.1 didn't.
Q：What do we learn from the conversation? [1999.6/T9]
【解析】選C選項(xiàng)間存在包孕關(guān)系，C包含A和D，可以初步排除A、D。如果B正確，問題很難提出(因?yàn)檐囬_得很慢通常不會(huì)引起什么矛盾)，因此在沒有聽錄音之前就可以初步判斷選C。
【例7】A)The marl admires the woman's talent in writing.
B)The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.
C) The woman is a photographer.
D) The man is fond of traveling.
【錄音】W：1 won the first prize in the National Writing Contest and I got this camera as an award.
M：It's a good camera! You can take it when you travel.I had no idea you were a marvelous writer.
Q：What do we learn from the conversation? [2007.6/T12]
【解析】答案為A。男士說“我不知道原來你是這么棒的作家”，由此可以推斷出答案選A“男士欽佩女士的寫作才華”。奇道解法：B、C都以The woman開頭，說女士愛好攝影。幾乎是同義選項(xiàng)，一般都是干擾項(xiàng)，可同時(shí)排除。A、D都說男士的心理(關(guān)鍵詞admire，fond)，并涉及到writing, traveling，應(yīng)注意聽錄音內(nèi)容。應(yīng)不難聽到男士說的when you travel，可排除D。
錦囊妙計(jì)6：形態(tài)相似的選項(xiàng)預(yù)示答案
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中如果只存在一組形似項(xiàng)，答案極可能是其中之一。
【例8】A)The mall has never seen the woman before.
B)The two speakers work.for the same company.
C)The two speakers work on the same floor.
D)The woman is interested in market research.
【分析】B、C兩項(xiàng)非常相似，首先主語都是The two speakers，其次謂語都是work。形態(tài)相似，必留給考生較深刻的印象。
【錄音】M：Nice weather，isn't it? Oh，I've seen you around the office，but I don't think we've met.I am Henry Smith.1 work.in the Market Research Section.
W：Nice to meet you, Henry.I am Helen Grant.I am in the Advertising Section on the ninth floor.
Q：What can we infer from the conversation? [2006.6/T17]
【解析】答案為B。這道題如果光聽對(duì)話，那么注意力很容易被seen，met吸引過去而受到干擾。但若按照形似的原則，聽之前圈定的形似項(xiàng)B和C，只要選其一，就有50%的命中率。再加上女士說的她在九樓上班，則可排除C“兩人在同一樓層上班”，這樣正確答案也就手到擒來。
【例9】A)The girls got on weft with each other,
B)It's understandable that girls don't get along.
C)She was angry with the other young stars.
D)The girls lacked the courage to fight. [2006.6/T11]
【分析】A和D結(jié)構(gòu)相似。答案很可能是其中一個(gè)。
【錄音】M：What would it be like working with those young stars?
W：It was a great group. I always got mad when people said that we didn't get along，just because we were sin.There was never a fight.We had a great time.
Q：What does the woman mean?
【解析】主要根據(jù)女士最后兩句：沒有打架、很開心，所以選A。
錦囊妙計(jì)7：語義矛盾的選項(xiàng)預(yù)示答案
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中如果存在一組意思相反的選項(xiàng).答案極可能居于其一。
【例10】A) Most students would like to work for a newspaper.
B) Most students find a job by reading advertisements.
C) Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate.
D) Most students don't want jobs advertised in the newspapers.
【分析】B、D兩項(xiàng)意思相反，答案很可能是其中之一。
【錄音】M：How do most students find a job after they graduate?
W：They usually look for a job by searching the want-ads in the newspapers.
Q：What does the woman mean? [2005.1/T5]
【解析】答案為B。對(duì)于男士所問的“大多數(shù)學(xué)生畢業(yè)后是如何找到工作的”，B和D給出了正好相反的回答。根據(jù)反義項(xiàng)原則給予B、D兩項(xiàng)特別的關(guān)注后，結(jié)合by searching the want-ads in the newspapers(通過搜尋報(bào)紙上的招聘廣告)印證，B項(xiàng)與其意思相同，答案果然不出所料。
錦囊妙計(jì)8：語氣不絕對(duì)化的選項(xiàng)是答案
審視四個(gè)選項(xiàng).凡是言之鑿鑿涉及細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)多為干擾項(xiàng)，反之，含含糊糊、故意強(qiáng)調(diào)不確定性的必有蹊蹺。越不確定，便越是答案。本妙計(jì)適用范圍較廣。
如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)包含mainly, most，mostly，chiefly，(be) not sore，(be) not likely等表示不太確定含義的詞語，那么該選項(xiàng)往往就是正確答案。
含有should, might，may等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選項(xiàng)也往往是正確答案，這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都有緩和語氣的作用，因而具有“正確答案相”。
為什么會(huì)有這樣的“妙計(jì)”呢?因?yàn)檎_的答案總是說話留有余地的，所以語氣過于絕對(duì)的選項(xiàng)通常不是答案。
【例11】A)Tony should continue taking the course.
B)She approves of Tony's decision.
C)Tony call choose another science course.
D)She can't meet Tony so early in the morning.
【分析】選項(xiàng)A含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should，正確。
【錄音】M：I'm going to drop my Information-science class.It means too early in the mornin9.
W：Is that really a good reason to drop the class，Tony?
Q：What does the woman mean? [2005.1/T2]
【解析】答案為A。Tony打算drop(停修)一門功課，因?yàn)橐鹛�。而女士的反問“這是好理由嗎?”說明她不贊成Tony的決定，而是認(rèn)為Tony應(yīng)該繼續(xù)修讀信息科學(xué)這門課，故A正確而B錯(cuò)誤。本題也可用“錦囊妙計(jì)4：強(qiáng)烈語氣題”來解答。
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