2010年12月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試詞匯備考筆記(11)

　　主謂一致：指的就是給出主語(yǔ)，要求判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的問(wèn)題。

　　一、就近原則：

　　指句子的主語(yǔ)由兩部分單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成時(shí)，由離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近的那部分主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

　　只有當(dāng)以下單詞或短語(yǔ)連接主句的兩部分時(shí)就近原則才適用：

　　1. or 或者; 2. either … or … 不是…就是… ，…或… ; 3. neither … nor … 既不…也不… ;

　　4. not only … but also … 不但…而且… ; 5. not … but … 不是…而是…

　　例如：主語(yǔ)1 or 主語(yǔ)2 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 此時(shí)由主語(yǔ)2決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

　　10. _C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?

　　A Are B Where C Is D Does

　　如果題目改變?yōu)椋篍ither he or his accountants ___ going … 則應(yīng)選A

　　二、句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定用復(fù)數(shù)的兩種情況：

　　1. 集合名詞做主語(yǔ)，集合名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，因?yàn)樗�本身就代表一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念。

　　常見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)復(fù)合名詞： people 人民，人們; police 警察; cattle 牛; poultry 家禽。

　　2. 表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞，整體做主語(yǔ)時(shí)

　　例如：去年出口了八百萬(wàn)頓煤。 Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.

　　三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定用單數(shù)的六種情況：

　　1. 句子的主語(yǔ)是由從句充當(dāng)?shù)摹��?dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ);

　　2. 表示時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值四方面的詞做主語(yǔ);

　　399. -- “How many days?”

　　0 -- “Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work?”

　　A are B were C was D is

　　3. 表示單數(shù)概念的主語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù);

　　因?yàn)榇私Y(jié)構(gòu)中短語(yǔ)只是對(duì)主語(yǔ)提供附加說(shuō)明情況，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。

　　當(dāng)以下這些標(biāo)志性的介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在此結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)可以不管中間的附加說(shuō)明情況：

　　with, together with, like, except, besides, in addition to, rather than, as well as

　　注意：表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的主語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　4. each, every, either, some, any, no，由以上六個(gè)詞中任何一個(gè)所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí);

　　some經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個(gè)復(fù)合代詞：something, somebody, someone;

　　no經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個(gè)復(fù)合代詞：nothing, nobody, no one; either of + 短語(yǔ);

　　5. 通常由and連接兩部分這種形式做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但在以下兩種情況下則應(yīng)用單數(shù);

　　1> and連接的兩部分指的是同一事物;

　　2> and連接的兩部分被no, each, every中任何一個(gè)詞修飾時(shí);

　　例如：每位男士和女士都要著裝得體。 be supposed to do sth. 理應(yīng)，應(yīng)該做某事。

　　Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.

　　11. Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.

　　A are shown B has been shown C has shown D show them

　　many a(an) 很多，相當(dāng)于many; many a(an) + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　6. many a (an) + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　9. Not only Joan but her sisters _B_ the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.

　　A have known B know C knows D is knowing

　　not only … but also … 的一種變形形式，not only … but …

　　另一種變形形式not only … but … as well

　　combination n. 密碼; combination to the safe 保險(xiǎn)箱密碼; securities有價(jià)證券。

　　-------------------------2000-01-------------------------

　　41. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _A_ too long.

　　A has been reading B had read C is reading D read

　　had read 過(guò)去完成時(shí)要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)搭配。

　　has been reading 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：指某行為從過(guò)去一點(diǎn)到現(xiàn)在一直在進(jìn)行。

　　42. Niagara Falls is a great tourist _B_, drawing millions of visitors every year.

　　A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement

　　tourist attraction 旅游勝地; attention n. 注意力; appointment n. 委任的職位，約會(huì);

　　date n. 日期，約會(huì)，棗;表示約會(huì)時(shí)指的是異性之間的私人約會(huì)。 arrangement n. 布置，安排

　　blind date 兩人第一次見(jiàn)面的約會(huì)。 appointment 指公事性質(zhì)的，比較正式的約會(huì)。

　　43. I don't mind _B_ the decision as long as it is not too late.

　　A you to delay making B your delaying making

　　C your delaying to make D you delay to make

　　mind 后要加動(dòng)名詞; delay v. 耽擱，延誤(后面也要加動(dòng)名詞)

　　45. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _A_ in Cuba.

　　A being cultivated B been cultivated C having cultivated D cultivating

　　46. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _C_ on benches, chairs or boxes.

　　A having seated B seating C seated D having been seated

　　注意：seat是及物動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式，后面要直接加賓語(yǔ)。

　　Be seated please. 請(qǐng)坐。 英語(yǔ)中只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　47. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _B_ comfortably.

　　A is worn B wears C wearing D are worn

　　當(dāng)wear表穿戴時(shí)，而句子的主語(yǔ)是被穿戴的東西時(shí)，wear是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　65. The coming of the railways in the 1830s _A_ our society and economic life.

　　A transformed B transported C transferred D transmitted

　　字根trans在四級(jí)中著重考的含義是“從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方”。

　　transform 改革，變革，改變; transport 運(yùn)輸; transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移，移動(dòng);

　　transmit 傳送，播送;疾病的傳染，傳播; transplant 移植。