2010年12月英語四六級考試詞匯備考筆記(7)

　　倒裝：倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝。

　　謂語部分所有單詞都放在主語前是全部倒裝。謂語的一部分放在主語的前面是部分倒裝。

　　謂語中的一部分通常是指：1、系動(dòng)詞;2、助動(dòng)詞;3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

　　全部倒裝的五條原則：

　　1. There be句型(表示有);

　　2. 以There或now開頭的句子，且句子謂語動(dòng)詞為come或go;

　　There you go again. 你又去那里了。

　　3. 以Here開頭的句子，且句子謂語動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞be; Here you are. 拿去。

　　4. 以副詞out, in, up, down, away開頭的句子;

　　在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主語是代詞則用陳述句語序。

　　5. 以狀語(常見的是地點(diǎn)狀語)開頭的句子。

　　部分倒裝的六條原則：

　　1. so放在句首時(shí)表示承前肯定，這個(gè)句子用部分倒裝;

　　nor, neither放在句首時(shí)表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒裝;

　　2. 省略了引導(dǎo)詞if 的虛擬條件從句，可以把從句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一個(gè)提到從句最前面的位置，構(gòu)成部分倒裝;

　　3. as, though表示“盡管”時(shí)引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語可以置于引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝;

　　系動(dòng)詞后面的部分就是表語，形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語可以置于系動(dòng)詞之后。

　　例如：She is beautiful. They are students.

　　四級考試中出現(xiàn)的是由動(dòng)詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞作表語的形式。

　　26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.

　　A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published

　　當(dāng)題干是as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，且as前為一個(gè)空格時(shí)他表示的就是盡管，空格處要填的就是表語。

　　being published 正在被出版; to be published 將要被出版。

　　此句恢復(fù)正常語序應(yīng)為： As it was published at such a time …

　　4. 表示否定含義的單詞或短語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝;

　　常見的一些表示否定含義的單詞：never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ;

　　seldom 難得，不常;nowhere 哪里都不。

　　常見的一些表示否定含義的短語：in no way 決不; on no account 決不;

　　under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。

　　5. only + 狀語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝;(如果only去掉就是全部倒裝)

　　43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.

　　A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted

　　C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen

　　freshmen 新生; make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償; make-up tests 補(bǔ)考(緩考)。

　　6. 注意兩個(gè)表達(dá)形式：come what may 無論發(fā)生什么情況; say what you will 暢所欲言。

　　-------------------------1991-06-------------------------

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是疑問詞時(shí)的情況。

　　60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.

　　A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is

　　prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨礙(阻止)某人做某事。

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)部分本為： it is what that prevents so many …

　　又因?yàn)榫渲杏幸蓡栐~，應(yīng)寫為： what is it that prevents so ...

　　但強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在句中作賓語成分，故正確寫法為： what it is that …

　　50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.

　　A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go

　　than 除構(gòu)成固定短語外就要與比較級搭配，不會(huì)單獨(dú)出現(xiàn); rather than + 動(dòng)詞原形;

　　平行結(jié)構(gòu)，遇到平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)做的兩步：

　　1 找出連接詞，2 使要填部分與已給出的對應(yīng)部分形式完全一樣。

　　51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.

　　A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited

　　appreciate + 動(dòng)名詞(不能加動(dòng)詞原形，不能加句子)。

　　41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.

　　A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep

　　your keeping 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 you keeping 也是正確的。

　　52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.

　　A regard B counting C account D observation

　　take sth. into account 考慮。

　　54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.

　　A take away B take over C take up [占據(jù)] D take in

　　55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.

　　A got off B got across C got away D got over

　　got over it 克服戰(zhàn)勝。

　　56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.

　　A rate B speed C pace D growth

　　pace 節(jié)奏; rapid pace of modern life現(xiàn)在生活快節(jié)奏。

　　57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.

　　A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely

　　rarely, usually 都是頻度副詞。通常頻度副詞的位置在系動(dòng)詞之后，表示實(shí)在意思的詞前面。

　　58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.

　　A having known B being known C knowing D known