新東方白易禮：英語四級(jí)考試語法筆記(六)

　　8、使用上述表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動(dòng)詞派生的名詞，或在這些動(dòng)詞用作名詞時(shí)，名詞之后的從句用虛擬語氣，即從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略。從句的引導(dǎo)詞that 不能省略。這與上述第7項(xiàng)類似。如：

　　He made a request that he (should) be allowed to take 3 days off. = He requested that he be allowed to take 3 days off.

　　Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized. = We suggest that education not be industrialized.

　　The president’s decision is that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time. =The president decided that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time.

　　9、上述動(dòng)詞在It is suggested that…, It is required that…, It’s requested that…, It’s ordered that…, It’s arranged that…句型中，that 之后的從句用虛擬語氣，即謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形, should 可以省略，但引導(dǎo)詞that 不能省略。如：

　　It was suggested that he attend the conference.

　　It was requested that the trial be openly reported.

　　10、在It’s important (imperative, necessary, essential, vital, desirable, advisable, better) that…句型中，that 引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語氣，即謂語動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。這個(gè)句型表示說話人的意見、要求等。

　　For example:

　　It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter.

　　It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.

　　It is imperative that the board chairman be present at the board meeting.

　　另外，在一些習(xí)慣用語中也有虛擬語氣的形式。但最好把這些習(xí)慣用語作為一種句型來記住。如：

　　May you be happy!

　　May you succeed!

　　Long live the People’s Republic of China!

　　Everybody leave the room!

　　You had better not resign.

　　I would rather not tell you.

　　總之，虛擬語氣是英語中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樘摂M語氣的用法和句型較多，動(dòng)詞的變化比較復(fù)雜。在學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候要逐個(gè)過關(guān)。同時(shí)，也要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)虛擬語氣的規(guī)律。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的變化，大致可以把虛擬語氣分為三種：

　　一種是動(dòng)詞用過去式，過去分詞式，或過去將來式，這主要是用if…, wish, suppose的情況;

　　一種是動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形(should可以省略)，這主要用于表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動(dòng)詞或名詞后面所接的從句，以及It is important (necessary) that…后面所接的從句;

　　一種是動(dòng)詞用過去式，如It is (high) time (that)…和I would rather 后面的從句。同學(xué)們還可以自己總結(jié)適合自己的規(guī)律，如把虛擬語氣句型可以分為用于簡單句、條件狀語從句、賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、定語從句、同位語從句等。

　　Now let’s do some exercises to consolidate what we have learned about subjunctive mood:

　　一、單項(xiàng)選擇：

　　1. The teacher demanded that the exam ___before eleven.

　　a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished

　　2. She made the demand that she ____ at once.

　　a. leave b. leaves c. left d. to be left

　　3. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there.

　　a. had been b. has been c. was d. been