第3課
倒裝:倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
謂語部分所有單詞都放在主語前是全部倒裝。謂語的一部分放在主語的前面是部分倒裝。
謂語中的一部分通常是指:1、系動(dòng)詞;2、助動(dòng)詞;3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
全部倒裝的五條原則:
1. There be句型(表示有);
2. 以There或now開頭的句子,且句子謂語動(dòng)詞為come或go;
There you go again. 你又去那里了。
3. 以Here開頭的句子,且句子謂語動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞be; Here you are. 拿去。
4. 以副詞out, in, up, down, away開頭的句子;
在2、3、4前提下,如果句子的主語是代詞則用陳述句語序。
5. 以狀語(常見的是地點(diǎn)狀語)開頭的句子。
部分倒裝的六條原則:
1. so放在句首時(shí)表示承前肯定,這個(gè)句子用部分倒裝;
nor, neither放在句首時(shí)表示承前否定,句子也用部分倒裝;
2. 省略了引導(dǎo)詞if 的虛擬條件從句,可以把從句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一個(gè)提到從句最前面的位置,構(gòu)成部分倒裝;
3. as, though表示“盡管”時(shí)引導(dǎo)從句,從句中的表語可以置于引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝;
系動(dòng)詞后面的部分就是表語,形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語可以置于系動(dòng)詞之后。
例如:She is beautiful. They are students.
四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的是由動(dòng)詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞作表語的形式。
26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
當(dāng)題干是as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句,且as前為一個(gè)空格時(shí)他表示的就是盡管,空格處要填的就是表語。
being published 正在被出版; to be published 將要被出版。
此句恢復(fù)正常語序應(yīng)為: As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含義的單詞或短語放在句首,句子用部分倒裝;
常見的一些表示否定含義的單詞:never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ;
seldom 難得,不常;nowhere 哪里都不。
常見的一些表示否定含義的短語:in no way 決不; on no account 決不;
under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。
5. only + 狀語放在句首,句子用部分倒裝;(如果only去掉就是全部倒裝)
43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生; make up for 彌補(bǔ),補(bǔ)償; make-up tests 補(bǔ)考(緩考)。
6. 注意兩個(gè)表達(dá)形式:come what may 無論發(fā)生什么情況; say what you will 暢所欲言。
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強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容:被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是疑問詞時(shí)的情況。
60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is
prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨礙(阻止)某人做某事。
強(qiáng)調(diào)部分本為: it is what that prevents so many …
又因?yàn)榫渲杏幸蓡栐~,應(yīng)寫為: what is it that prevents so ...
但強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在句中作賓語成分,故正確寫法為: what it is that …
50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.
A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go
than 除構(gòu)成固定短語外就要與比較級(jí)搭配,不會(huì)單獨(dú)出現(xiàn); rather than + 動(dòng)詞原形;
平行結(jié)構(gòu),遇到平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)做的兩步:
1 找出連接詞,2 使要填部分與已給出的對(duì)應(yīng)部分形式完全一樣。
51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.
A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited
appreciate + 動(dòng)名詞(不能加動(dòng)詞原形,不能加句子)。
41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.
A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep
your keeping 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 you keeping 也是正確的。
52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.
A regard B counting C account D observation
take sth. into account 考慮。
54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.
A take away B take over C take up [占據(jù)] D take in
55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.
A got off B got across C got away D got over
got over it 克服戰(zhàn)勝。
56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.
A rate B speed C pace D growth
pace 節(jié)奏; rapid pace of modern life現(xiàn)在生活快節(jié)奏。
57.
A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely
rarely, usually 都是頻度副詞。通常頻度副詞的位置在系動(dòng)詞之后,表示實(shí)在意思的詞前面。
58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
A having known B being known C knowing D known
know 沒有現(xiàn)在分詞;know 用主動(dòng)形式時(shí)只能和兩個(gè)介詞搭配:of, about。
known for 以…而著名。
60. I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one.
A a large enough coat B an enough large coat
C a large coat enough D a coat enough large
enough 修飾形容詞時(shí)要放到形容詞后面。
61. I always _B_ what I have said.
A get to B hold to C lead to D see to
本題所有選項(xiàng)中的to都是介詞,其后加動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞的形式。
hold to 堅(jiān)守,信守; see to 負(fù)責(zé)做,處理,照料(后面加的都是某件事情,不加人)
62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.
A when B then C than D until
no sooner … than 一…就…
63. Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
A what B which C that D whose
evidence 證據(jù)、sign 跡象、fact 事實(shí),后面都要帶同位語從句,且從句用that引導(dǎo)。
64. He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in
A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to
65. He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.
A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable
guilty adj. 有罪的; be ashamed of 因…而羞愧(不好意思)的; miserable adj. 悲慘的。
66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.
A in B at C during D over
ceremony n. 典禮,儀式。要表達(dá)在某典禮(儀式)上用介詞at。
at the graduation ceremony 在畢業(yè)典禮上。
67. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose
do you supposed 常做插入語。
68. _D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 盡管; as for 關(guān)于,至于]
A As for B Besides C Except D Despite
69. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A have B has C having D to have
influence on 對(duì)…造成影響,很大的影響中形容詞用的是strong。
70. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself
hurt oneself 自殘; be to + 動(dòng)詞原形,將要做某事;
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41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.
A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
42. Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.
A and B but C or D an order
and 在這里表示一種結(jié)果,翻譯成“那么(和)”。只有兩種情況下and才會(huì)這樣翻譯:
1. 省略句 + and + 句子; 2. 祈使句 + and + 句子。
47. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.
A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen
43. I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.
A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order
order n. 定購(gòu),訂單; purchase n. 購(gòu)買。
45. By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding
如果一個(gè)句子的時(shí)間狀語是由by引導(dǎo)的,則時(shí)態(tài)要選擇完成時(shí)態(tài)。
將來的行為在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間之前就已完成用將來完成時(shí)。
solution to a problem 一個(gè)問題的解決方案。
46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.
A take on B get on C put up D look up
take on 承擔(dān); take on responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
47. Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one
dinner n. 正餐(多指晚餐); supper n. 夜宵,晚餐; breakfast n. 早餐; lunch n. 午餐;
brunch n. 早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]
48. We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.
A inform B informs C informed D has informed
desire v. 要求,表要求時(shí)后面加句子要用虛擬語氣, (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。
其他同樣用法的詞還有ask, demand, request, require.
49. Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.
A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally
not surprisingly 一點(diǎn)也不奇怪。 vary vi. 變化。
vary from … to … 從一種形式變化到另一種形式。vary between … and … 在兩者之間進(jìn)行變化。
29. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.
A change B vary C alter D convert
individual n. 個(gè)人,個(gè)體; individualism n. 個(gè)人主義。
44. The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.
A alter B shift C transfer D vary
50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.
A before B until C since D when
It + 系動(dòng)詞 + 一段時(shí)間 + before引導(dǎo)的句子 在…之前花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間。
54. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A since B when C after D before
51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail. [keep a watchful eye on 密切主意,留神]
A in B at C for D on
52. There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.
A retain B endure C maintain D survive
retain vt. 保持,保留; endure v. 忍受; maintain vt. 維持,保持,堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為;
survive vi. 生存; vt. 活過 … (賓語為某種災(zāi)難)。 survive a flood 活過一場(chǎng)洪水。
前綴sur表示過 … ,外,超; vive 表示生活,強(qiáng)調(diào)活著。
54. They usually have less money at the end of the month than _C_ at the beginning.
A which is B which was C they have D it is
less … than句子前后要平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。
55. In the course of a day students do far more than just _A_ classes.
A attend B attended C to attend D attending
far more than 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于,遠(yuǎn)不止于;也要句子前后平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。
56. The French pianist [n. 鋼琴師] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment.
A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down
turn up 后面不加賓語表示出現(xiàn),后面加賓語表示將聲音調(diào)高,調(diào)大;
turn in + 賓語 上繳,交出; turn down 將聲音調(diào)低,調(diào)小;拒絕;
refuse sb. 指直接的回絕; turn sb. down 則指委婉的拒絕;
turn out + 動(dòng)詞不定式 最終證明是,結(jié)果是。
57. Many difficulties have _B_ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.
A risen B arisen C raised D arrived
因本句未加賓語,估不應(yīng)選不及物動(dòng)詞,可排除C項(xiàng); arrive vi. 到達(dá),抵達(dá);
rise vi. 升起,升高(側(cè)重指旗幟或太陽升起);數(shù)量的增高(側(cè)重指水位、價(jià)位);
the sun rises in the east and sets in the west 太陽東升西落。
arise vi. 升起,升高,出現(xiàn),發(fā)生(經(jīng)常與抽象名詞聯(lián)用)。
69. A completely new situation will _B_ when the examination system comes into existence.
A arise B rise C raise D arouse
33. Last year the advertising rate _D_ by 20 percent.
A raised B aroused C arose D rose
58. He made such a _D_ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.
A genuine B minimum C modest D generous
name after 以…的名字來命名。genuine adj. 真正的,貨真價(jià)實(shí)的; genuine leather 真皮;
minimum adj. 最低的,最小的; modest adj. 謙虛謹(jǐn)慎的,適度的;
generous adj. 慷慨的,慷慨大方的(修飾貢獻(xiàn)等用這個(gè))。
59. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _D_, of course, made the others jealous.
A who B that C what D which
which在這里是引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句有2個(gè)特點(diǎn):
1. which前面有逗號(hào)與其他句子分開。 2. which指的是前面整句話的內(nèi)容。
as也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,指的都是一句話的內(nèi)容。
which指一句話的內(nèi)容只能置于該句之后,而as既可以在后也可以在前。
67. _C_ is known to the world, Mark Twain is great American writer.
A That B Which C As D It
60. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _B_.
A gaps B intervals C length D distance
interval n. 間隔(即可指空間間隔,也可指時(shí)間間隔),四級(jí)考試中?紩r(shí)間間隔的概念。
interval是固定與介詞at搭配的。
23. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular _D_.
A gaps B rate C length D intervals
at regular rate 以規(guī)則的速度; at regular interval 以規(guī)則的時(shí)間間隔;
61. Mr. Johnson preferred _A_ heavier work to do.
A to be given B to be giving C to have given D having given
64. Our company decided to _D_ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.
A destroy B resist C assume D cancel
65. She is _C_ a musician than her brother.
A much of B much as C more of D more as
be of 具有某種性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)或特點(diǎn);
66. Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _B_ by the judge.
A service B sentence C crime D crisis
sentence n. 判決,判刑; crisis n. 危機(jī); economic crisis 經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī);
68. The residents, _C_ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A all their homes B all whose homes C all of whose homes D all of their homes
當(dāng)給出了句子的主語,且后面有兩部分謂語動(dòng)詞,這兩部分謂語動(dòng)詞之間又沒有連接詞,
時(shí)態(tài)也不同時(shí),離主語近的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為從句的組合成分。
69. You can't afford to let the situation get worse. You must take _D_ to put it right.
A decisions B directions C sides D steps
take steps 采取措施,采取行動(dòng); take measures 采取措施;
70. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _B_ your advice.
A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed
if only 如果,要是...就好了,其后面的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。
1. 如果if only后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦?shí)相反,這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。
2. 如果if only后面的句子表示與過去的事實(shí)相反,這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。
47. If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible
A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve
如果if only后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦?shí)相反,這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),
也可以用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。
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42. Mark often attempts to escape _C_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A having been fined B to have been fined C being fined B to be fined
escape + 動(dòng)名詞。
44. It is recommended that the project _A_ until all the preparations have been made.
A not be started B will not be started C is not started D is not to be started
recommend vt. 推薦,建議,后面加句子要用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞的形式:(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形
45. I wish I _D_ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept
wish 后面的句子要用虛擬語氣,表示與過去事實(shí)相反用:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞。
might經(jīng)常被翻譯成或許。
46. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _D_ him.
A had telephoned B must have telephoned
C would telephone D would have telephoned
otherwise, or等表示“否則”的詞,后面句子都要用虛擬語氣。
48. While people may refer to television for up-to-minute news [最新的消息], it is unlikely that television _A_ the newspaper completely.
A will replace B have replaced C replace D replaced
49. An Olympic Marathon [馬拉松] is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately [大約] _B_ from Marathon to Athens [雅典].
A distance B the distance C is the distance D the distance is
50. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _D_ to suspend your tent.
A there B them C where D which
介詞 + which + 動(dòng)詞不定式(to do sth.) 整體做定語。
本句可改寫為:You will want two tress about ten feet apart, to suspend your tent from.
只要見到有介詞出現(xiàn)在空格之前,而選項(xiàng)中有which, them, there, where等詞則應(yīng)選which。
51. As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had _C_ to ask my boss.
A many B most C much D more
當(dāng)many沒有修飾任何其他詞而單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí)表示很多人。 much在這里相當(dāng)于many things。
52. _A_ quite recently, most mothers in
A Until B Before C From D Since
until recently 直到最近; not surprisingly 一點(diǎn)也不奇怪。
53. The survival of civilization as we know it is _C_ threat.
A within B towards C under D upon
under threat 受到威脅。
55. In some countries, _D_ is called "equality" [平等] does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A which B one C that D what
that可以引導(dǎo)主語從句,但只做引導(dǎo)詞而不充當(dāng)任何成分。
56. I walked too much yesterday and _A_ are still aching now.
A my leg muscles B my muscles of leg C my leg's muscles D my muscles of the leg
英語中一個(gè)名詞修飾另外一個(gè)名詞時(shí)第一個(gè)名詞要用單數(shù)。 apple trees, eye drops
57. Radio, television and press _B_ of conveying news and information.
A are the most three common means B are the three most common means
C are the most common three means D are three the most common means
幾個(gè)詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)修飾詞的順序應(yīng)為:1. 定冠詞the應(yīng)該放在最前面(離名詞最遠(yuǎn))的位置;
2. 數(shù)詞應(yīng)放在第二位;3. 最后考慮其他形容詞。
北京 | 天津 | 上海 | 江蘇 | 山東 |
安徽 | 浙江 | 江西 | 福建 | 深圳 |
廣東 | 河北 | 湖南 | 廣西 | 河南 |
海南 | 湖北 | 四川 | 重慶 | 云南 |
貴州 | 西藏 | 新疆 | 陜西 | 山西 |
寧夏 | 甘肅 | 青海 | 遼寧 | 吉林 |
黑龍江 | 內(nèi)蒙古 |