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歷年英語四級考試中常見的考察詞匯題型

 

2

 

非謂語動詞與獨立主格:短語,句子(或者句子,短語)

  1.當短語部分有獨立主語,并且該主語不同于句子主語,這時短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。

獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1:名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]

現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的,正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的,已經(jīng)完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發(fā)出時使用現(xiàn)在分詞,而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。

54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.

A followed   B following   C to follow   D being followed

49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.

A considered   B be considered   C considering   D having considered

call off        取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。

獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]

36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

A to be encouraged   B been encouraged   C being encouraged   D be encouraged

as well as 和(相當于and); be encouraged不會考。

動詞不定式有預(yù)示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;

been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵完了,與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵

2.短語部分沒有獨立主語,則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動詞。

非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu):分詞(分詞短語)

句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動作,則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出,則使用過去分詞。

43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed   B performing   C to be performed   D being performed

perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;

to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的動詞:

第一點:forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

這兩個詞后加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。

注意:動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣,但含義不同。這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

62. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering   B him once offering   C him to offer   D to offer him

offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):凡是一個動詞的后面可以加動名詞,就可以加動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

動作發(fā)出者 + 動名詞;當動作發(fā)出者名字給出時:名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn),且動作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時:形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。

形容詞物主代詞:his, her, my, your, their, our。代詞賓格:him, her, me, you, us, them。

第二點:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

48. Your hair wants _B_. You'd better have it done tomorrow.

A cut   B cutting   C to cut   D being cut

注意:want doing doing表示的是被動含義。

18. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning   B to clean   C being cleaned   D cleaned

第三點:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲mean doing 意味著,的意思是

25. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble.  [reception desk 接待臺]

A making   B to make   C to have made   D having made

-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------

55. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect   B be erected   C erecting   D being erected

watch 看電視用,看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動詞watch, see, hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果; being erected 強調(diào)的是動作的過程。

56. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up   B gives in   C gives away   D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服,讓步; give off 釋放,放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露,走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

57. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed   B on informing   C informed   D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

60. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which   B for which   C with which   D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 而戰(zhàn)。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。

61. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

A all in all   B above all   C after all   D over all

all in all 總而言之;above all 首先,尤其是;after all 畢竟,終究;overall 全面的,總體的

in a word 總之,in short 簡而言之,in conclusion 最后,總之,to sum up總之,總而言之。

62. _B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.

A For now   B Now that   C Ever since   D By now

now that 既然,由于(相當于since); ever since 自從以來。

that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個表達形式:

now that 既然,由于; in that 因為; except that 之外。

except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。

63. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

A attached to   B responsible to   C resistant to   D contrary to

be attached to 連接,附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。

responsible to 負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的,抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to ..相反(相違背)。

64. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

A not going   B not to go   C not having been going   D not to be going

regret doing 后悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應(yīng)用語境非常有限)。

63. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

A out of work   B out of stock   C out of reach   D out of practice

out of work 失業(yè); out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。

65. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out   B carried off   C carried on   D carried forward

in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持,繼續(xù)。

66. Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.

A to have left   B to be leaving   C to leave   D to have been left

be supposed to do sth. 應(yīng)該(理應(yīng))做某事。

37. He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room.

A known   B considered   C regarded   D supposed

  regard as 認作

67. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.

A treated   B adjusted   C adopted   D remedied

  treat 對待,處理; I’ll treat you. 我請客,應(yīng)用于真正請客之前。It’s on me. 應(yīng)用于結(jié)賬時。

  adjust vt. 調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié); adopt vt. 收養(yǎng),領(lǐng)養(yǎng); remedy vt. 彌補,補救,修正;

68. A new technique _C_, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.

A working out   B having worked out

C having been worked out   D to have been worded out

yields 產(chǎn)量; work out 做出,推出

關(guān)于百分數(shù)之前介詞的用法

increase to 80 percent 增加到80% (增加到用to

increase by 60 percent增加了60% (表示增加的幅度用by

55. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.

A by   B for   C to   D in

69. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.

A hurt   B damaged   C spoiled   D harmed

spoil vt. 寵壞,溺愛

70. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will _B_ over his business to his son.

A take   B hand   C think   D get

take over 接管接收; hand over 移交,交出; think over 仔細考慮; get over 克服,戰(zhàn)勝。

-------------------------1991-06-------------------------

41. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have _A_ one this month.

A another   B more   C the other   D other

不定代詞1 兩者中的一個用one;另一個則用the other; 2 很多東西中的一個用one

剩下的所有叫the others; 3 很多東西中的一個用one;剩下的所有里面再拿一個叫another;

在剩下的里面再拿一個還叫another(單數(shù)概念); 4 很多東西中拿了若干出來用some;

剩下所有叫others; other 后通常要加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式; more 要用在數(shù)詞的后面

once more 再來一個(用于很不正式的場合) bravo 再來一個(用于正式場合)

44. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.

A the other   B any other   C another   D other

neither 兩者中任意一者都不

42. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.

A impression   B reaction   C comment   D opinion

reaction n. 反應(yīng); reaction to 作出反應(yīng)。

43. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _D_.

A finish what I did   B finished what I did

C would finish what I was doing   D finished what I was doing

  as soon as所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句與主句的時態(tài)搭配有一種情況是主從句都用一般過去時。

45. We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.

A benefits   B affects   C guides   D effects

  affect vt. 影響; effect n. 影響。

46. Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands?

A in relation to   B in contrast to   C in excess of   D in favor of

in relation to 相比; in contrast to 形成對照;

in excess of 超過,超出(一定的限定范圍); in favor of 贊同,支持。

47. Children are very curious _D_.

A at heart   B in person   C on purpose   D by nature

at heart 在心理,在內(nèi)心; heart 強調(diào)的是內(nèi)心的感情,mind 強調(diào)的是思維,頭腦,soul 靈魂

in person 親自,本人; on purpose 有意的,故意的; by nature 生性(天性)使然。

48. The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.

A objected to having   B were objected to have

C objected to have   D were objected to having

58. The man in the corner confessed to _B_ a lie to the manager of the company.

A have told   B having told   C being told   D be told

confess v. 懺悔; confess to 承認,坦白。

49. The teacher doesn’t permit _C_ in class.

A smoke   B to smoke   C smoking   D to have a smoke

permit v. 允許,準許; permit sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事; permit doing 允許做某事。

-------------------------2000-06-------------------------

21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _D_ it.

A postpone   B refuse   C delay   D cancel

22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need.

A all the information   B all the informations

C all of information   D all of the informations

23. Not until the game had begun _C_ at the sports ground.

A had he arrived   B would he have arrived   C did he arrive   D should he have arrived

24. Young people are not _B_ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. [參與,參加]

A conservative   B content   C confident   D generous

conservative adj. 保守的; conservative party 保守黨; content adj. 甘愿的,滿足的;

confident adj. 自信的,有信心的; generous adj. 慷慨的,大方的。

25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _C_.

A granted   B implied   C exaggerated   D remedied

maintain 堅持認為; medium n. 媒體單數(shù),media n. 媒體復(fù)數(shù);

grant vt. 授予,給予; imply vt. 隱含,暗示; exaggerate v. 夸大,夸張,高估;

remedy vt. 彌補,補救,修正。

26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _A_ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. [victims 受害人]

A unrecorded   B to be unrecorded   C unrecording   D to have been unrecorded

27. I have no objection _B_ your story again. [object to + 動名詞]

A to hear   B to hearing   C to having heard   D to have heard

28. The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position.

A curiosity   B status   C determination   D significance

status n. 身份,地位; significance n. 意義,重要性;

29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind.

A accurate   B urgent   C excessive   D adequate

  accurate adj. 精確的; urgent adj. 緊急的,緊迫的; excessive adj. 過多的,過度的;

adequate adj. 充足的,足夠的。

30. You will see this product _B_ wherever you go.

A to be advertised   B advertised   C advertise   D advertising

31. The early pioneers had to _C_ many hardships to settle on the new land.

A go along with   B go back on   C go through   D go into

go through 經(jīng)歷

32. The suggestion that the major _B_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.

A would present   B present   C presents   D ought to present

suggestion, suggest 所引導(dǎo)的句子都用虛擬語氣。 should + (動詞原形)

34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _B_ at the next town.

A to stop   B stopping   C stop   D having stopped

suggest  + doing也可以

33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.

A whose   B which   C that   D what

whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers.

35. I didn't know the word. I had to _C_ a dictionary.

A look out   B make out   C refer to   D go over

look up 查閱; look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查單詞;

reference n. 參考書目; reference room 資料室;

36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _D_ his arguments in favour of the new theory. [sufficient 充足的,足夠的;grounds 論據(jù);arguments 論點]

A to be based on   B to base on   C which to base on   D on which to base

base vt. 作基礎(chǔ),基于  which引導(dǎo)從句時,如果從句是介詞結(jié)尾則介詞應(yīng)在which之前。

on which (he is) to base

37. There are signs _A_ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.

A that   B which   C in which   D whose

sign n. 跡象; fact n. 事實; evidence n. 證據(jù);后面常加同位語從句來說明具體內(nèi)容。

同位語從句用that(不能省略)引導(dǎo)。

38. I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news. [or else 否則,要不然]

A or else   B and then   C or so   D even so

39. It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students.

A partial   B beneficial   C preferable   D liable

partial adj. 偏袒的,偏愛的(經(jīng)常與totowards搭配)

40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _C_ trouble over the figures. [figures 數(shù)目,數(shù)據(jù);extra 額外的,附加的]

A extensive   B spare   C extra   D supreme

41. - "May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?"

    - "I'm sorry. Mr. Williams _A_ to a conference long before then."

A will have gone   B had gone   C would have gone   D has gone

當要表達將來的行為在將來的某時間之前完成用將來完成時,將來完成時結(jié)構(gòu):will have + p.p.

42. You _D_ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.

A shouldn't follow   B mustn't follow

C couldn't' have been following   D shouldn't have been following

should have + p.p. 本應(yīng)該; shouldn’t have + p.p. 本不應(yīng)該

43. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _D_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.

A have allowed   B allow   C allowing   D allows

part-time 兼職; full-time 全職; flexible working patterns 彈性工作制; training 培訓(xùn);

retraining 再培訓(xùn); take advantage 利用;

44. Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.

A assembled   B accumulated   C piled   D joined

assembled 聚集; secretary 書記。

45. Putting in a new window will _B_ cutting away part of the roof.

A include   B involve   C contain   D comprise

involve 引起,與直接有關(guān)

46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems; _C_ obtaining fresh water is not the least. [the least 最高級]

A with which   B for which   C of which   D which

42. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems; _C_ obtaining water is not the least. [the least 最高級]

A for which   B to which   C of which   D in which

47. In the _C_ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million. [in the event of 萬一,如果]

A face   B time   C event   D course

in the face of 面對; in the time of 時期; in the course of 期間。

48. The manager would rather his daughter _D_ in the same office.

A had not worked   B not to work   C does not work   D did not work

would rather + 動詞原形; would rather + 句子(用虛擬語氣,句子謂語動詞用一般過去時)

49. _D_, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.

A Although much he likes her   B Much although he likes her

C As he likes her much   D Much as he likes her

如果用although引導(dǎo)則應(yīng)改成:Although he likes her very much …

50. The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. [無論是在空格前還是后,如果出現(xiàn)了名詞extent要找介詞就著to]

A within   B to   C by   D at

to a large extent 在很大程度上。

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王江濤老師
在線名師:王江濤老師
  北京新東方學(xué)校國內(nèi)考試部資深教師,北京大學(xué)碩士,曾任職于國...[詳細]
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