Unit 1

Nobel Prizes are awarded each year to people, 1 nationality, who have made valuable 2 to the “good of humanity”. In his 3 , the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel directed that the income from his $ 9-million estate 4 to fund five annual prizes. The awards are given for the most important discoveries or inventions in the 5 of physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine; the most distinguished literary 6 of an idealistic nature; and the most effective work in the interest of international peace. The prizes were first 7 in 1901. A sixth prize — the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences 8 Alfred Nobel — was first 9 in 1969. This prize was established by the Bank of Sweden and is 10 by the bank. In 1996, the 11 of each of the six prizes was about $1,100,000.

A candidate may not 12 directly for a prize. A qualified person must submit each name in 13 . For the literary prize, the Swedish Academy considers only works that 14 in print. The academy usually selects an author for his or her complete work 15 for one book. The organizations that award the prizes 16 15 deputies who 17 a board of directors. The board holds office for two years and 18 the funds. Prize winners 19 their awards on December 10, the 20 of the death of Alfred Nobel. Sometimes, prizes are not awarded or are awarded in a later year.

1. A) with respect to B) in line with C) with reference to D) regardless of

2. A) deeds B) endeavor C) contributions D)achievements

3. A) life B) will C) writing D) dream

4. A) be used B) will be used C) to be used D)would be used

5. A) formats B) fields C) grounds D) aspects

6. A) book B) art C) work D) piece

7. A) opened B) handed over C) made D) presented

8. A) in memory of B) by name of C) in regard to D) in name of

9. A) rewarded B) offered C) awarded D) bestowed

10. A) represented B) found C) named D) funded

11. A) value B) worth C) price D) merit

12. A) be valid B) be awarded C) apply D) submit

13. A) English B) writing C) speech D) works

14. A) has opened B) has turned out C) have appeared D)have been known

15. A) either B) or rather C) instead D) rather than

16. A) appoint B) advice C) present D) persuade

17. A) make B) elect C) call D) choose

18. A) governs B) conducts C) administers D) organizes

19. A) accept B) collect C) entertain D) receive

20. A) anniversary B) birthday C) year D) centenary

Unit 2

People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable without meaning to or sometimes without even realizing it. Most Americans have 1 been out of the country and have very 2 experience with foreigners. But they are usually friendly and open, and 3 meeting new people, having guests and bringing people together formally or 4 . They tend to use first names in most 5 and speak freely about themselves. 6 if your American hosts do something that makes you 7 , try to let them know how you feel. Most people will 8 your honesty and try 9 you uncomfortable again. 10 you’ll all learn something about another culture!

Many travelers find it 11 to meet people in the U. S. than in other countries. They may just 12 and introduce themselves or even invite you 13 before they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be 14 friendly. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just 15 . Just 16 anywhere else, it takes time to become 17 friends with people in the U. S.

If and when you 18 American friends, they will probably enjoy 19 you to their friends and family, and if they seem proud 20 you, it’s probably because they are, relax and enjoy it!

1. A) ever B) never C) often D) sometimes

2. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little

3. A) dislike B) avoid C) hate D) enjoy

4. A) informally B) intimate C) incompetently D) indirectly

5. A) occasions B) situations C) moments D) instant

6. A) And B) So C) But D) Meanwhile

7. A) at ease B) comfortable C) pleasant D) uncomfortable

8. A) confirm B) praise C) appreciate D) criticize

9. A) not let B) letting C) not to make D) to not made

10. A) Thus B) Then C) And D) But

11. A) easier B) harder C) happier D) simpler

12. A) come to B) come through C) come up with D) come up