新東方名師解析英語四六級(jí)命題考點(diǎn)及題型

　　分析研究英語四級(jí)考試閱讀理解歷屆考題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)命題者命制的考點(diǎn)是有一定規(guī)律的，且考點(diǎn)規(guī)律常與某種題型(主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、邏輯題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、詞義題)相對(duì)應(yīng)。如果考生掌握了這些規(guī)律，就能在第一遍快速閱讀短文時(shí)，敏銳地捕捉到考點(diǎn)并能預(yù)測(cè)可能會(huì)出的題型�？忌�此時(shí)應(yīng)用筆在這些可能會(huì)出題的考點(diǎn)輕輕劃上記號(hào)，等看完短文開始做題時(shí)，針對(duì)題干的提問，迅速找到做記號(hào)的考點(diǎn)，再仔細(xì)分析、答題。這樣，考生就能節(jié)省不少時(shí)間，從而避免開始做題時(shí)又要通閱全文盲目找考點(diǎn)。下面，我們將這些考點(diǎn)規(guī)律及對(duì)應(yīng)題型歸納如下：

　　1、列舉處�？�

　　列舉處指的是First,…，second, …，Third, …等逐步列出，并列指的是A、B and C。其共同特點(diǎn)是列出3條或3條以上的條目。后要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中，選出符合題干要求的答案項(xiàng)。該考點(diǎn)常出題型是"細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題"。 主要有兩種：

　�、� which題型

　　該題型要求從并列的三項(xiàng)中選一項(xiàng)作為答案，其他選項(xiàng)與題目無關(guān)。

　�、� except題型

　　該題型要求考生通過核對(duì)文章內(nèi)，排??為答案。也稱為“三缺一”題型。

　　例1. At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to be have absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.

　　Q: What's the policeman's biggest headache?

　　(A) He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.

　　(B) He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.

　　(C) He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.

　　(D) He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense.

　　(分析：選A。屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)文章，與電影中的警察很不相同的是，現(xiàn)實(shí)中警察既要絕對(duì)遵守法(firstly,…),又要及時(shí)破案(secondly,…),這令他們很難兩頭兼顧，有時(shí)只有犯規(guī)。很明顯，B、C、D三項(xiàng)都與文章內(nèi)容不符。)

　　在做此類細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題時(shí)，只要把細(xì)節(jié)考點(diǎn)(firstly,…secondly…)找到，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，跟細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)不一致的就不是選項(xiàng)�？忌�只需細(xì)心一點(diǎn)都能辨清細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，選對(duì)答案。

　　例2.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present.First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves . Second，we mast investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third，we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade，maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on barrages.

　　Q: which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?

　　(A)Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.

　　(B)More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.

　　(C)Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.

　　(D) Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.

　　(分析：選A。屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。專生只要看懂了文章內(nèi)容三個(gè)方面，很容易排除掉B、C、D三項(xiàng)。)

　　2、舉例子打比喻的地方�？�

　　為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更有說服力、更加明確，作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子作為舉例句，這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問的焦點(diǎn)。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心緊密相關(guān)的，常以"細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性"題型和"推斷性"題型出現(xiàn)，但偏傾于"推斷性"題型。

　　例1. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computer's brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.

　　Q：Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of ______ .

　　(A) decision making (B)drives and feelings

　　(C)growth of reasoning (D)information absorption

　　(分析：選B項(xiàng)。這屬辯認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題，依據(jù)文章我們知道計(jì)算機(jī)缺少人類所具有的動(dòng)機(jī)和情感：computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures,至于動(dòng)機(jī)可以被編入計(jì)算機(jī)程序，那是今后的事，就目前而言計(jì)算機(jī)在動(dòng)機(jī)和情感方面不如人類。選項(xiàng)B符合題意�？忌�只要注意到for one thing 后面一句話，即可選出。)