新東方名師解析英語四六級命題考點及題型

　　分析研究英語四級考試閱讀理解歷屆考題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)命題者命制的考點是有一定規(guī)律的，且考點規(guī)律常與某種題型(主旨題、細節(jié)題、邏輯題、觀點態(tài)度題、詞義題)相對應(yīng)。如果考生掌握了這些規(guī)律，就能在第一遍快速閱讀短文時，敏銳地捕捉到考點并能預(yù)測可能會出的題型�？忌�此時應(yīng)用筆在這些可能會出題的考點輕輕劃上記號，等看完短文開始做題時，針對題干的提問，迅速找到做記號的考點，再仔細分析、答題。這樣，考生就能節(jié)省不少時間，從而避免開始做題時又要通閱全文盲目找考點。下面，我們將這些考點規(guī)律及對應(yīng)題型歸納如下：

　　1、列舉處�？�

　　列舉處指的是First,…，second, …，Third, …等逐步列出，并列指的是A、B and C。其共同特點是列出3條或3條以上的條目。后要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中，選出符合題干要求的答案項。該考點常出題型是"細節(jié)事實題"。 主要有兩種：

　�、� which題型

　　該題型要求從并列的三項中選一項作為答案，其他選項與題目無關(guān)。

　�、� except題型

　　該題型要求考生通過核對文章內(nèi)，排??為答案。也稱為“三缺一”題型。

　　例1. At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to be have absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.

　　Q: What's the policeman's biggest headache?

　　(A) He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.

　　(B) He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.

　　(C) He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.

　　(D) He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense.

　　(分析：選A。屬事實細節(jié)題。依據(jù)文章，與電影中的警察很不相同的是，現(xiàn)實中警察既要絕對遵守法(firstly,…),又要及時破案(secondly,…),這令他們很難兩頭兼顧，有時只有犯規(guī)。很明顯，B、C、D三項都與文章內(nèi)容不符。)

　　在做此類細節(jié)事實題時，只要把細節(jié)考點(firstly,…secondly…)找到，對照選項內(nèi)容，跟細節(jié)事實不一致的就不是選項�？忌�只需細心一點都能辨清細節(jié)事實，選對答案。

　　例2.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present.First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves . Second，we mast investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third，we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade，maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on barrages.

　　Q: which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?

　　(A)Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.

　　(B)More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.

　　(C)Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.

　　(D) Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.

　　(分析：選A。屬事實細節(jié)題。專生只要看懂了文章內(nèi)容三個方面，很容易排除掉B、C、D三項。)

　　2、舉例子打比喻的地方常考

　　為了使自己的觀點更有說服力、更加明確，作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引導的短語或句子作為舉例句，這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問的焦點�？忌�需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心緊密相關(guān)的，常以"細節(jié)事實性"題型和"推斷性"題型出現(xiàn)，但偏傾于"推斷性"題型。

　　例1. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computer's brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.

　　Q：Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of ______ .

　　(A) decision making (B)drives and feelings

　　(C)growth of reasoning (D)information absorption

　　(分析：選B項。這屬辯認細節(jié)事實題，依據(jù)文章我們知道計算機缺少人類所具有的動機和情感：computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures,至于動機可以被編入計算機程序，那是今后的事，就目前而言計算機在動機和情感方面不如人類。選項B符合題意�？忌�只要注意到for one thing 后面一句話，即可選出。)