試卷二解析
NOTES
Part I Tapescript of  Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W: This course wasn’t supposed to be hard.
   M: But it sure turned out to be, didn’t it?
   Q: What does the woman think about the course?
2. M: There was a party on our school campus Sunday evening. Did you go?
   W: Had I known about the party, I would have been present for it.
   Q: What do we learn about the woman?
3. M: Was I supposed to give the seminar presentation this week?
   W: No. I assigned it to Joan.
   Q: What will happen this week?
4. W: I’d better read one of the articles for our economics class.
   M: You can’t read just one. Each presents a different theory, you know.
   Q: What does the man tell the woman she must do?
5. M: I agree with your proposal at the meeting yesterday. It was a good one.
   W: You should have backed me up then when I needed it.
   Q: What does the woman mean?
6. W: I’m just looking for a bike that will get me to the library and back.
   M: With the roads the way they are, you will need a sturdy one.
   Q: What does the man imply?
7. W: Hello, I am a senior student. Could you tell me whether this reference room is only for   aculty members?
   M: No, the postgraduates and undergraduates can come too if they have their professor’s written permission.
   Q: Can the woman study in the reference room?
8. W: What would you say to a seafood dinner?
   M: I don’t want to pay twice as much for a seafood dinner.
   Q: What does the man mean?
9. W: When are you going to have your eyes checked?
   M: I had to cancel my appointment. I couldn’t fit it in.
   Q: What does the man mean?
10.W: How was the English exam you took yesterday?
   M: Not as easy as I expected, I did fairly well on the reading section but I made quite a few mistakes on grammar.
   Q: What did the man say about his test?

Section B
Passage One
   Flexible working hours were invented in Germany in the late 1960s, but reached Britain in 1972. The system allows workers to start and finish work whenever they want, with only two requirements. These are: firstly, that all workers must be present for certain “key” times in the day, and secondly, that all workers must work the agreed total number of hours per week.
 The system has proved an almost total success wherever it has been tried. A survey of 700 workers on flexible hours showed three main advantages: a better balance between working and private life, avoidance of the need to travel during rush hours and the ability to be able to finish a certain task before leaving.
   From the employer’s point of view, the system tends to increase productivity, reduce labor turnover first. “Flexible time” was mainly confined to white collar workers, but it now being applied to manual workers too.
11. What people firstly used flexible working hours?
12. Which one of the following may be best used to describe the flexible system?
13. What’s one of the main advantages of “Flextime” for workers?

Passage Two
   Our environment is being polluted faster than nature and man’s present efforts can prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more motor vehicles, larger cities, and the growing use of man-made materials.
   What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man—by his desire for a modern way of life. We make increasing industrialization our chief aim. For its sake, we are willing to sacrifice everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, so pollution has become a serious problem.
   Isn’t it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going and why? It reminds one of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker: “I’ve some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we’re making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we are lost and don’t know where we’re going.” The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when applied to our modern society.
14. Why can’t man prevent the world from being polluted?
15. According to the passage, what does man value among the following?
16. What does the story about the pilot indicate?

Passage Three
   As a result of rising university costs, many students are finding it necessary to take on part-time jobs. To make finding those jobs easier, the placement service has put together a listing of what is available locally. For some students, these part-time jobs could lead to the full-time work after graduation, as they may offer experience in their own field, be that finance, marketing or even management. For example, national savings bank offers work on a half time basis. That’s 20 hours per week. Retail stores and restaurants have positions requiring fewer hours. Even less time is expected of those providing child care. We have a number of families registered with us who are looking for baby-sitters for as few as four hours a week. For students who prefer outdoor work, there’re seasonal positions right on campus, working with the gardening and landscaping teams. These often require the most time and they are the least flexible in terms of scheduling. To see a complete list of these and other available jobs, including the salary offered and the hours required, stop by our office and be sure to bring a resume with you. When you find something that interests you, we’ll put you in touch with the person offering it. In addition, our counselors will give you hints about a successful interviewing.
17. What’s the purpose of the talk?
18. What should students bring with them to the office?
19. What will the counselors at the office help students do?
20. What do the jobs have in common?

Part II Reading Comprehension
21. 結(jié)論題。本題問Lauderslager的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，解本題要找出Lauderslager的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn)。依據(jù)文章的第一段的倒數(shù)第二句話，由“Lauderslager found”引出的后面的話即為Lauderslager的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn)。

22. 推斷題。依據(jù)文章第二段的第三行“But if the animal (指的是rats)are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control.”可推出答案，選項C是該句話的同義替換。

23. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第三段的第五行“Associating the saccharin with stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener.” 可知由于老鼠將胃疼和甜味劑聯(lián)系在一起，所以它們才回避糖精。

24. 推斷題。依據(jù)文章的第三段的末句Lauderslager對老鼠死亡的推測“... he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now serves to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.” （他成功地利用了糖精和藥物使老鼠產(chǎn)生了條件反射，使得老鼠的心理產(chǎn)生變化，只用糖精就會削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)使其致死）可推知答案。

25. 結(jié)論題。本題仍是上題的延續(xù)。通過條件反射會削弱老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng)。

26�� 主旨題。文章第一段講了北美殖民地城市的發(fā)展和歐洲的不同；第二段和第三段分別闡述了北美大西洋沿岸城市的發(fā)展和南方種植園的發(fā)展。選項B概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容。

27. 主旨題。依據(jù)文章第一段的首句可知：歐洲的城市發(fā)展與北美的不同之處在于前者的城市發(fā)展緩慢而后者的城市發(fā)展迅猛，由此可知兩者比較的基準(zhǔn)是發(fā)展的速度。

28. 單句理解題。根據(jù)文章的第二段的第三行給出了原因“Because these areas were nearest England and France....” 由此可推斷出選項C為正確答案。

29. 段落理解題。文章的第三段探討了南方種植園的各方面的內(nèi)容：種植園的地理位置的特點(diǎn)（通常靠近水路，便于運(yùn)送貨物）；種植園的經(jīng)濟(jì)是自給自足；但并沒有談到種植園居民和城市居民的關(guān)系。故答案為C。

30. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章的第二段的末句指出，大西洋沿岸的城市是加工用于出口的原材料的理想的地點(diǎn)“Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export.”

31. 推斷題。依據(jù)文章的第一段的第二句話“The act...and the policies...compete with economic interests.”可推知對瀕危動物的保護(hù)是一個很有爭議的問題是因?yàn)橛绊懥四承├�益集團(tuán)的利益。

32.  推斷題。根據(jù)文章的第二段的第二句話“...with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.” （利用土地，開發(fā)雨林是發(fā)展中國家暫時避免貧窮和饑餓的途徑）。我們可推知，若阻止發(fā)展中國家開發(fā)熱帶雨林，就會妨礙發(fā)展中國家與貧窮做斗爭。

33.  細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題同樣依據(jù)第二段的第二句話“...with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.”注意“temporarily”一詞，它表明砍伐樹木種植莊稼只能是一個暫時的緩解糧食問題的辦法。

34.  指代題。依據(jù)文章的第三段的首句“Many of the changes that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planets of its biological richness.” 這句話指出了科學(xué)家憂慮的問題，選項C)“the reduction of biological diversity”是對于“rob the planets of its biological richness”的同義替換。

35.  主旨題。從文章的末段的結(jié)尾一句話“But solutions to humanity’s current problems will come only through coordinated international efforts to control...”可得出答案，選項D)“through the cooperation of nations”是“through coordinated international efforts”的同義替換。

36.  細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段第三句話講恐怖分子把美國移民體制的弱點(diǎn)納入到他們的計劃中去，而恰好文章第一段最后一句話正好具體講述了移民歸化局的弱點(diǎn)，即低效率，所以D正確。

37. 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段第二句9·11事件后，美國法案要求FBI、司法部、移民歸化局等共享更多信息資料以把列為恐怖分子者阻斷在邊境，B選項正合此意。

38. 推斷題。從文章第一段第二句話我們知道外籍持假證件偷渡入境者及合法入境者經(jīng)常超期滯留美國而得不到任何處罰，我們可推知，這些外國人在9·11事件發(fā)生前，想呆多久就呆多久，所以C正確。

39. 細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章最后一段最后兩句話我們可以知道移民歸化局這些年來太注重服務(wù)于游客和移民，而沒有更多關(guān)注上百萬美國人的人身安全維系于其工作，C選項正合此意。

40. 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第四段第二句冒號后清楚說明兩大原因，其中之一是美國大學(xué)，第二是美國企業(yè)需外國廉價勞動力，所以A正確。

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