| 第 1 頁(yè)：作文 |
| 第 2 頁(yè)：快速閱讀 |
| 第 3 頁(yè)：聽(tīng)力 |
| 第 4 頁(yè)：仔細(xì)閱讀 |
| 第 5 頁(yè)：完型 |
| 第 6 頁(yè)：翻譯 |
閱讀簡(jiǎn)答題
Leadership is the second most significant word in today’s competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that “how things get done” influences the success of the outcomes and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker, coined the phrase “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things,” he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with the terms.
When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly effective individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular bestseller very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm, which he observed centered on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one’s attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive mental attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he highlights how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a desired vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you value. Business leadership means that managers need to “put first things first,” which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.
47. To be good leaders, managers must pay close attention to their own _____.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是為了成為好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，管理者們必須特別關(guān)注他們自己的什么方面。由順序原則該題應(yīng)位于首段，注意到題干中pay close attention to同義改寫(xiě)成了首段首句的focus inward on，因此該句該表達(dá)后的名詞成分capabilities and style即為答案。其前面的personal與題干own重合，不用填入。
48. According to Peter Drucker, leaders should be good at _____.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是Peter Drucker認(rèn)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)擅長(zhǎng)什么。用人名課定位至首段末句，該人強(qiáng)調(diào)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)該“做正確的事”，將這個(gè)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)doing the right thing填入即可。
49. The personality ethic suggests that people are likely to succeed if they have _____.
【解析】該題的是人格魅力(personality ethic)提出人更容易成功的條件是什么。用personality ethic可定位至第二段第三句前后，其后的該段第五句詳細(xì)闡述到personality ethic認(rèn)為是一個(gè)人的態(tài)度在激發(fā)其成功，并指出這種魅力是基于積極精神態(tài)度的信仰。可知成功的重點(diǎn)是態(tài)度，并且是積極的態(tài)度。答案填入a positive mental attitude。注意a不能省略，這里表示“一種積極的精神態(tài)度”，也最好不要去掉a而在attitude后加s。
50. According to Stephen Covey, leaders who hope to achieve outstanding success need first of all _____.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是Stephen Covey認(rèn)為那些想獲得杰出成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要先做的事。用Covey及outstanding success可以定位到第二段第六句，Covey認(rèn)為想享受杰出成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)最重要(vital)的是要先(first)自己管理好自己，因此把這個(gè)最重要的先決條件to personally manage themselves填入即可。注意need后面要接不定式，to不可少。另外themselves可以指代該題題干中的leaders，因此可不還原。
51. Good leadership requires one to know one’s own strengths and be able to win people’s _____.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力要求一個(gè)人除了了解自身長(zhǎng)處，還要能夠贏得別人的什么方面。由strength可定位到全文末句，提到在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他人前一個(gè)人要先清除自己的價(jià)值、能力和長(zhǎng)處，同時(shí)還要被別人視為可信的，即是說(shuō)要贏得他人信任。將原文形容詞trustworthy改為名詞trust填入即可。
仔細(xì)閱讀1
來(lái)自Slate: Trade is the New Plastics
來(lái)源：http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2010/08/trade_is_the_new_plastics.html
What's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate today? China? India? How about trade?
When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doomsaying. Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.
But there's another way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession—a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States—but an economic expansion.
The rising volume of trade—more goods and services shuttling in and out of the United States—is good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery, and logistics have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign markets—when we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and market. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price—agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.
And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies are becoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports, it does help GM's balance sheet—and hence makes the jobs of U.S.-based executives more stable.
One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slack domestic consumer demand. Americans are paying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully. That's to be expected, given what we've been through. But there's a bigger challenge. Can U.S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global demand? Unless you want to pick up and move to India, or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it's no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.
Companies and individuals who don't have a strategy to export more, or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves out of the lion's share of economic opportunity in our world.
52. How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficit in June?
A. It could lead to slower growth of the national economy.
B. It reflects Americans’ preference for imported goods.
C. It signifies a change in American economic structure.
D. It is the result of America’s growing focus on domestic market.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是悲觀主義者對(duì)六月美國(guó)貿(mào)易赤字的解讀。用deficit和June可定位至文章第二段，用pessimists可進(jìn)一步定至第二段末句，該句中悲觀主義者提到如果這種貿(mào)易不平衡繼續(xù)，很可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)展變慢，這直接對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)。
53. What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?
A. It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.
B. It reflects the fluctuations in the international market.
C. It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further into recession.
D. It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)過(guò)去兩年貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)的說(shuō)法。用trade data和past two years可定位至第三段第二句，作者提到近兩年的數(shù)據(jù)并沒(méi)有指示出經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，插入語(yǔ)后用轉(zhuǎn)折引出數(shù)據(jù)指示的其實(shí)是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張(economic expansion)。由此可知作者對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的解讀是偏正向、樂(lè)觀的。四個(gè)答案中唯一正向的是A，原文的expansion被同義改寫(xiě)為activities increased。
54. Who particularly benefit from the rising volume of trade?
A. People who have expertise in international trade.
B. Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.
C. Consumers who favor imported goods and services.
D. Retailers dealing in foreign goods and services.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是誰(shuí)從上升的貿(mào)易容量中特別受益。用rising volume of trade可定位至第四段段首，不難推知該段整體都在談受益對(duì)象。從第二句起分別提到各運(yùn)輸業(yè)獲益大，一直到末句提到貿(mào)易敏感行業(yè)人也獲益良多，末句最后用especially遞進(jìn)引出受益最多的行業(yè)，這對(duì)應(yīng)題干的particularly，因而原文這之后提到的價(jià)格受全球需求影響的行業(yè)的制造商，特別是農(nóng)業(yè)、礦產(chǎn)、金屬行業(yè)和石油，即為受益最明顯的行業(yè)。這對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)。agricultural沒(méi)有替換，raw materials(工業(yè)原材料)同義替換了原文的礦產(chǎn)、石油和金屬行業(yè)。
55. What is one of the challenges facing the American economy?
A. Decreasing productivity.
B. People’s reluctance to spend.
C. Competition from overseas.
D. Slack trade activities.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是什么。用challenges可定位至第六段首句。該段首句提到第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是國(guó)內(nèi)需求不足，該段中用but引出第二個(gè)更大的挑戰(zhàn)則是美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)如何參與獲取及利用的全球市場(chǎng)需求。B選項(xiàng)“人們不愿意消費(fèi)”是對(duì)第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)的同義改寫(xiě)。
56. What is the author’s advice to U.S. companies and individuals?
A. To import more cheap good from developing countries.
B. To be alert to fluctuations in foreign markets.
C. To increase their market share overseas.
D. To move their companies to where labor is cheaper.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)美國(guó)公司及個(gè)人的建議。根據(jù)順序原則定位至末段。末段作者提到任何不增加出口、不參與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)、不在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中發(fā)揮作用的美國(guó)公司和個(gè)人都會(huì)將自己隔絕在巨大的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)份額之外。不難看出作者建議美國(guó)公司和個(gè)人更多參與國(guó)際貿(mào)易，增大其在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中所占份額，這對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)。
仔細(xì)閱讀2
選自英國(guó)衛(wèi)報(bào)(The Guardian)：More UK universities should be profiting from ideas
A recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spend by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.
When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receive of 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.
The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work.
If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
57. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
A. They still have a place among the world leaders.
B. They have lost their leading position in many ways.
C. They do not regard it as their responsibility.
D. They fail to convert knowledge into money.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)英國(guó)大學(xué)在商業(yè)化方面的看法。由順序原則可定位至文首。首段提出人們對(duì)英國(guó)大學(xué)在知識(shí)到產(chǎn)品服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程方面的批評(píng)，二段整體用調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)證明首段對(duì)英國(guó)的大學(xué)的負(fù)面觀點(diǎn)，提出英國(guó)大學(xué)在干細(xì)胞研究領(lǐng)域?qū)?huì)失去世界領(lǐng)先地位。但這些都并非作者觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)在第三段短首出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，然后引入作者方面的觀點(diǎn)。可知作者觀點(diǎn)與首二段相反，他并不認(rèn)為英國(guó)失去世界領(lǐng)先地位，三段末句更提出英國(guó)大學(xué)在許多商業(yè)活動(dòng)方面仍領(lǐng)先全球�？芍髡哒J(rèn)為英國(guó)大學(xué)仍大體領(lǐng)先世界，總體持正面肯定態(tài)度。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中唯一持正面態(tài)度的為A。
58. What does the author say about the national data on UK universities’ performance in commercialization?
A. It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.
B. It does not reflect the differences among universities.
C. It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.
D. It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)英國(guó)大學(xué)商業(yè)化表現(xiàn)的國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的看法。由national data可定位至第四段轉(zhuǎn)折后，提到數(shù)據(jù)掩蓋了單個(gè)大學(xué)之間表現(xiàn)的差距。對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)。Mask同義改寫(xiě)為does not reflect，variation同義改寫(xiě)為differences。
59.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions” refers to ___.
A. concentration of resources in a limited number of universities
B. compulsory cooperation between universities and industries
C. government aid to non-research-oriented universities
D. fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions
【解析】該題考察“policy interventions”的意思。僅從字面意思“政府干預(yù)”還不足以選出答案，需要結(jié)合上下文。該短語(yǔ)所在的第四段提到這種“政府干預(yù)”促進(jìn)了英國(guó)大學(xué)整體表現(xiàn)的提高，但之后轉(zhuǎn)折指出，英國(guó)大學(xué)個(gè)體之間存在較大差異。第五段首更是將第四段強(qiáng)調(diào)的現(xiàn)象總結(jié)為“分配不平均”(uneven distribution)。由此可知這種“政府干預(yù)”指的應(yīng)是政府對(duì)一部分大學(xué)的偏向性支持，而對(duì)更多的大學(xué)則支持不夠，造成資源分配不均。對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“資源集中在少數(shù)大學(xué)中”。
60. What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?
A. Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.
B. Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.
C. Publicise their research to win international recognition.
D. Spread their influence among top research institutions.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)研究導(dǎo)向型大學(xué)的建議。由research-led universities可定位至全文第六段。該段中部用rather轉(zhuǎn)折引出作者覺(jué)得這些大學(xué)應(yīng)該(should)產(chǎn)生最廣的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境等各方面效益(widest range)，應(yīng)該分享他們的專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)資源，讓整個(gè)領(lǐng)域(build greater confidence in the sector)都構(gòu)筑起信心，此即為建議。對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)，僅有A強(qiáng)調(diào)了范圍是all sectors of society。B提到的與缺乏資金的學(xué)校分享設(shè)施、C提到的擴(kuò)大國(guó)際影響與D提到的擴(kuò)大在頂級(jí)研究機(jī)構(gòu)中的影響范圍均太窄。
61. How can the university sector play a key role in the UK’s economic growth?
A. By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.
B. By asking the government to invest in technology transfer research.
C. By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.
D. By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.
【解析】該題問(wèn)的是大學(xué)如何在英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中扮演關(guān)鍵角色。由play a key role定位至全文末句。末句提到兩個(gè)要素，一是區(qū)域間技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移的更好協(xié)調(diào)，二是對(duì)研究院所規(guī)模及功能上同步進(jìn)行投資。僅有C選項(xiàng)結(jié)合了這兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)。A提到的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移辦公室數(shù)量的增加、D提到的提升技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)構(gòu)的效率，均是原文沒(méi)有的信息。B選項(xiàng)將技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和投資這兩個(gè)不想關(guān)的信息混到了一起。
【總結(jié)】本次六級(jí)考試閱讀部分出題角度仍保留了六級(jí)的一貫特征，難度并不太大�？焖匍喿x答案多能通過(guò)定位迅速查找到。簡(jiǎn)答題部分也比較方便查找，需要考生做變化的點(diǎn)不多。仔細(xì)閱讀方面，正確選項(xiàng)依然以題干定位處就近信息的同義改寫(xiě)和替換為主，錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的迷惑性也不強(qiáng)，多可通過(guò)核心詞、態(tài)度傾向等較快排除。文中轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)等依舊是考察重點(diǎn)。文章內(nèi)容方面，依舊是大家較為熟悉的經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育等熱點(diǎn)話題，語(yǔ)言難度也不大。值得注意的是這次四六級(jí)考試都選擇了多篇來(lái)自英國(guó)衛(wèi)報(bào)的文章，之前衛(wèi)報(bào)文章頁(yè)選擇過(guò)，可見(jiàn)六級(jí)對(duì)這類(lèi)英美主流報(bào)刊的喜愛(ài)。這種與歐美主流生活較為接近的話題以及特色性報(bào)刊可以成為大家平常泛讀的一個(gè)選擇。
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