本課簡(jiǎn)介
本課介紹了在如何增強(qiáng)記憶方面心理學(xué)所做的研究。信息的意義,組織,聯(lián)想和想像是有助于記憶的幾個(gè)基本原則。如何運(yùn)用這些基本原則呢?課文對(duì)此一一作了介紹,條理十分清楚。學(xué)了本課,相信會(huì)有收獲。
本課語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
1. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.
research 在本句中做名詞,這個(gè)詞也可以做動(dòng)詞用。請(qǐng)看下面的例句,注意research的詞類和用法:
Scientists have been researching on / into the causes of brain damage.
(科學(xué)家們一直對(duì)腦損傷的起因進(jìn)行研究。)
focus on 是一個(gè)常用詞組,意思是“集中”,在生詞部分已作了較為詳細(xì)的講解,在此,請(qǐng)翻譯幾個(gè)句子:
她覺(jué)得很不自在,因?yàn)樗械哪抗舛甲⒁曋?She felt very uneasy as all eyes were focused on her.)
a number of 的意思是“許多”。請(qǐng)看下面的例句,注意a number of 和the number of 的區(qū)別:
1) A number of factories have been shut down because of pollution problems.
(由于污染問(wèn)題許多工廠被關(guān)閉了。)
2) The number of students in our school increases every year.(我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)每年都在增加。)
2. It is useful to know how these principles work.
it 在句中做形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)to know how these principles work,此類結(jié)構(gòu)我們?cè)诘谝缓偷诙䥺卧延辛私。?qǐng)看下面的句子:
It is important to find out why the forest fire broke out.(找出森林大火的原因很重要。)
It is difficult to know what he is thinking about.(要想知道他在想什么很困難。)
work 在本句中的意思是“起作用;產(chǎn)生影響”,
3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.
affect 是動(dòng)詞,意思是“影響”。常常會(huì)有一些英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者把動(dòng)詞affect和名詞effect混淆,請(qǐng)注意下面的句子:
1) The drought would surely affect the harvest.(這場(chǎng)干旱肯定會(huì)影響到收成。)
2) We could all see the effects of the illness on him.(我們都能看出那場(chǎng)病在的身上的影響。)
4. Information that doesn’t make any sense to you is difficult to remember.
that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾information; 主句是Information is difficult to remember.
不定式to remember 用在做表語(yǔ)用的形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)。
make sense 的意思是“有意義;可理解”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子:
His explanation makes no sense to his students.(學(xué)生們不理解他的解釋。)
5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.
動(dòng)詞不定式to remember在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾名詞ability.請(qǐng)看下面的句子:
He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.(他遵守了一大早來(lái)的諾言。)
make a difference 的意思是“有關(guān)系;有影響;起作用”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子:
1) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.
(他說(shuō)的話不會(huì)對(duì)我做決定產(chǎn)生任何影響。)
2) Your participation in the work will make a great difference.(你參與我們的工作,情況就不一樣了。)
6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.
句中的better是副詞well的比較級(jí)形式,意思是“更好地”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子:
This job is better paid than that one.(這份工作的報(bào)酬比那份高。)
information是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞,不能在其后加“-s”。請(qǐng)看例句:
7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.
在第一單元的Text B中我們已經(jīng)對(duì)consist of有所了解。這一詞組的意思是“由…組成”,它與be made up of;be composed of 的意思相近,但consist of 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。請(qǐng)看例句:
1) The United States consists of 50 states.(美國(guó)由50個(gè)州組成。)
2) Our class is made up of 45 students.(我們班由45名同學(xué)組成。)
a bit在句中的意思是“一點(diǎn),一些”,它可以用在形容詞的前面, 但是不能用在名詞的前面。在名詞前面必須用a bit of.請(qǐng)看下面的例句:
1) I am a bit tired today.(我今天有點(diǎn)累。)
2) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.
(如果你能給我一點(diǎn)寶貴建議我會(huì)很感激的。)
8. Categorizing is another means of organization.
句中的means是一個(gè)名詞,意思是“方式;手段”,它不是動(dòng)詞mean的第三人稱單數(shù)。請(qǐng)看下面的例句:
Email is a modern means of communication. (電子郵件是一種現(xiàn)代通訊方式。)
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