本課主要構(gòu)詞法

　　Affixation　　(詞綴法)

　　1. 反意詞前綴un- 　　　unusual，unwilling

　　2. 形容詞后綴-y 　　　salty

　　3. 名詞后綴-or 　　　sailor

　　Compounding 　　(合詞法)

　　1. 復(fù)合名詞 　　　highway，steamship，airplane

　　2. 復(fù)合形容詞 　　　mid-Atlantic，eastward

　　本課簡(jiǎn)介

　　The Atlantic Ocean向讀者介紹了有關(guān)大西洋的情況。我們可以了解航行大西洋的過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在，也可以了解大西洋“制造”出來(lái)的世界之最。

　　本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

　　1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

　　在表示河流，海洋，群島，沙漠等地理名稱(chēng)的名詞前，以及以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的國(guó)名前要用定冠詞，例如：the Yellow River(黃河)，the Pacific Ocean(太平洋)，the British Isles (不列顛群島)，the Sahara(撒哈拉沙漠)，the Alps(阿爾卑斯山脈)， the Philippines (菲列賓)

　　在表示某一座山，島嶼或某一個(gè)湖時(shí)不用定冠詞，例如：Yellow Mountain(黃山)，Lake Erie(伊利湖)，Hainan Island(海南島)

　　one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的用法，請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　She is one of the most hardworking students in our class.　(她是我們班學(xué)習(xí)最刻苦的學(xué)生之一。)

　　Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.(上海是世界最大的城市之一。)

　　印度是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家之一�！�(India is one of the countries with the largest population in the world.)

　　尼羅河是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。(Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.)

　　在one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句一般被看作修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此該從句中的謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　This is one of the best novels that have been published this year.　(這是今年出版的最佳小說(shuō)之一。)

　　Mr. Smith is one of those men who always think they are right.(史密斯先生屬于那些總是認(rèn)為自己正確的人。)

　　He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.(他不是那種在困難面前低頭的人。)

　　但是在the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該被看成修飾單數(shù)名詞。例如：

　　He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the teacher.　(他是男孩中唯一受到老師表?yè)P(yáng)的。)

　　Helen is the only one of those girls who doesn't wear make-up.　(海倫是那些女孩中唯一不化妝的。)

　　separate from是常用詞組，在句子中的意思是“(使)分離，(使)分開(kāi)”，請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)英吉利海峽把英法兩國(guó)隔開(kāi)。(The English Channel separates England from France.)

　　2)理論不應(yīng)該脫離實(shí)際。(Theory should not be separated from practice.)

　　the Old world指歐，亞，非三洲，有時(shí)僅指歐洲。the New (World) 指哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)的美洲大陸。

　　2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.

　　for centuries 意為“許多世紀(jì)”。在英語(yǔ)中用介詞for加表示時(shí)間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的表達(dá)形式很常見(jiàn)。請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)I haven't seen you for days. How is everything?(多日不見(jiàn)，一切都好嗎?)

　　2)I haven't seen him for years， I am sure he has changed a lot.　(我多年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他了，他一定變了不少。)

　　3)It seems I have been waiting for you for centuries. Where have you been?(我似乎等了你幾個(gè)世紀(jì)了，你去哪兒了?)

　　keep… from doing 是習(xí)慣用法，意思是“使…不…”。

　　例如：It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.(要使父親不抽煙真不容易。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)Heavy fog kept the ships from being discovered by the enemy.　(大霧使得船只未被敵人發(fā)現(xiàn)。)

　　2)We had no way to keep him from getting involved in the matter.　(我們沒(méi)有辦法使他不卷入那事件中去。)

　　3)那種藥使他的咳嗽不再加劇�！�(The medicine keeps his cough from getting more serious.)

　　4)當(dāng)?shù)厝说谋Ｊ厮枷胧沟媚莻�(gè)地方不能快速發(fā)展。

　　(The local people's conservative mind keeps that place from developing rapidly.)

　　3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.

　　make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意為“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如：His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他對(duì)工作的冷漠態(tài)度使得所有的人都不愿與他合作。)

　　主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(SVOC)的句型在課本第二單元的語(yǔ)法中已有較詳細(xì)的論述。請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)His behavior at the dinner party made the host annoyed.　(他在晚宴上的行為使主人很惱火。)

　　2)That film made him famous.(那部影片使他出了名。)

　　3)他剛才的一番話使瑪麗很傷心。(What he said just now made Mary very sad.)

　　4)老師對(duì)他作文的評(píng)價(jià)令他失望。　(The teacher's comment on his composition made him disappointed.)

　　5)What he had done made his friends hesitant to accept the invitation.(他的所為使得他的朋友們對(duì)接受邀請(qǐng)猶豫不決。)

　　6)他的揮霍浪費(fèi)使得他的父母不愿意再給他錢(qián)。(His unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give him any more money.)

　　4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

　　Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

　　這兩個(gè)都是表語(yǔ)從句和主句中的系動(dòng)詞連用的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我們應(yīng)該盡快跟他聯(lián)系。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.(我的建議是我們應(yīng)該把會(huì)議延期。)

　　2) One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.　(太陽(yáng)能的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是用之不竭。)

　　3) 問(wèn)題是你不在時(shí)誰(shuí)照管孩子�！�(The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.)

　　4) 看起來(lái)天要下雨。(It looks that it is going to rain.)

　　請(qǐng)注意辨析another 和other：

　　another由 an+other構(gòu)成，只和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。other可用于所有名詞前。another+單數(shù)名詞表示不定的“另一個(gè)”，the other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示特指的“另一個(gè)”。

　　請(qǐng)看下面的例句：

　　1) This idea is not very practical， will you think of another one?　(這個(gè)主意不太實(shí)際，你能另想一個(gè)嗎?)

　　2) This book is too difficult. Show me another one.(這本書(shū)太難了，給我看另外一本。)

　　3) Of the three books in my bag， two are published in China， the other is published in the United States.(我包里的三本書(shū)中，兩本是中國(guó)出版的，另一本是美國(guó)出版的。)

　　4) Tom is here， but where are the other boys?(湯姆在這兒，其他的男孩在哪兒呢?)

　　5) I like this coat better than the other one.(兩件上衣中，我更喜歡這一件。)

　　6) This camera is more expensive than the other one.(這架照相機(jī)比另一架貴。)

　　boiling hot意思是“滾熱的，酷熱的”。此處的boiling不是形容詞而是副詞，表示熱的程度，修飾hot.

　　5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.

　　此句中，that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作形容詞的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：

　　1) I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.　(我擔(dān)心我兩小時(shí)內(nèi)寫(xiě)不完這篇文章。)

　　2) He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer.　(他擔(dān)心他不能給你一個(gè)明確的答復(fù)。)

　　3) I am afraid that I have made a mistake.(我擔(dān)心自己犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。)

　　4) We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties.　(我們相信自己能克服所有的困難。)

　　對(duì)“be + 形容詞 + that引起的從句”這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)，語(yǔ)法家們有的認(rèn)為that從句做賓語(yǔ)用，有的認(rèn)為that從句做狀語(yǔ)用。根據(jù)句子的邏輯意義來(lái)判斷也許比較方便一些。如：I'm sorry that you failed the exam again. 這個(gè)句子中的that從句起狀語(yǔ)作用，相當(dāng)于“…because you failed the exam again.”

　　6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific，…

　　在第一單元中我們討論過(guò)副詞的同等比較。本句中as big as 則是形容詞的同等比較。在這類(lèi)句子中，可以有表示程度的狀語(yǔ)。例如：

　　1) This book is not half as interesting as that one.(這本書(shū)還不如那本書(shū)一半有趣。)

　　2) My monthly income is only half as much as his.(我的月收入只有他的一半多。)

　　3) This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.(我們學(xué)校今年的招生人數(shù)將是前年的三倍。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)還不及你的一半流利。(My spoken English is not half as fluent as yours.)

　　2) 這只手提箱還沒(méi)有那只手提箱一半重。(This suitcase is not half as heavy as that one.)

　　3) 這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的兩倍。(This room is twice as large as that one.)

　　7. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.

　　suppose 常常做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“假定;猜想;認(rèn)為”。例如：

　　1) Let's suppose it to be true.(讓我們假定這是真的。)

　　2) I suppose he is very nervous.(我猜想他很緊張。)

　　3) I supposed him to be an honest man， but he often tells lies.　(我以為他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，他卻經(jīng)常說(shuō)謊。)

　　在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一個(gè)連詞，意思是“假設(shè)(= if);假使…結(jié)果會(huì)怎么樣”。例如：

　　1) Suppose he is ill， what shall we do?(假如他病了，我們?cè)趺崔k?)

　　2) Suppose a tiger should come out of the cage?　(如果一只老虎從籠子中跑出來(lái)怎么辦?)

　　3) Suppose something should go wrong?(如果出了什么問(wèn)題會(huì)怎么樣?)

　　8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.

　　it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 是很常用的一個(gè)句型。例如：

　　1) 我騎自行車(chē)到學(xué)校要花半小時(shí)。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.)

　　2) 他花了兩個(gè)星期時(shí)間才看完那本書(shū)。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) It took the boy three hours to finish his homework.(那個(gè)男孩花了3小時(shí)才寫(xiě)完作業(yè)。)

　　2) It takes less than 4 hours to get to Shanghai by train from Nanjing.(從南京乘火車(chē)到上海只要不到4小時(shí)。)

　　3) 他花了4天時(shí)間才走出密林。(It took him 4 days to go out of the forest.)

　　4) 照顧一個(gè)生病的老人要花許多時(shí)間。(It will take a great deal of time to look after a sick old man.

　　9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep， but in places it is much deeper.

　　on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。例如：

　　1) On the average， they drove 70 miles an hour.(他們平均每小時(shí)行駛70英里。)

　　2) On the average， they spend 20 yuan on food every day.(他們平均每天花20塊錢(qián)吃飯。)

　　a little 在句子中修飾more，表示程度，意思是“一點(diǎn)兒，稍許”。much在句子中修飾deeper，也表示程度，加強(qiáng)形容詞比較級(jí)，意思是“…多”。例如：

　　1) I feel a little cold.(我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)冷。)

　　2) He spent a little more than 20 yuan yesterday.(昨天他花了20塊多一點(diǎn)兒。)

　　3) I feel much better now.(我現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)好多了。)

　　4) She is much more careful this time.(她這一次細(xì)心多了。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 干了一天的工作，我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)累。(I feel a little tired after a day's work.)

　　2) 她對(duì)她的同學(xué)有點(diǎn)不友好。(She is a little unfriendly to her classmates.)

　　3) 聽(tīng)了那個(gè)消息他開(kāi)心多了。(He was much happier after hearing that news.)

　　10. This “deep” measures 30，246 feet——almost 6 miles (9.6km)。

　　本句中的deep做名詞用，意思是“深處”，“海淵”(水深超過(guò)3000英里)。

　　measure 在句子中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“測(cè)量”，“有…深”。例如：

　　1) This room measures 10 metres across.(這個(gè)房間寬10米。)

　　2) The bridge measures 17 kilometres long.(這座橋長(zhǎng)17公里。)

　　3) The water tank only measures 2 metres deep.(這只水箱只有2米深。)

　　11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.

　　本句中的 longest與課文前幾段中出現(xiàn)的narrowest，saltiest，deepest一樣，都是形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。因?yàn)檫@幾個(gè)詞是單音節(jié)詞或是以元音結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，所以，最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成是在詞尾加-est.對(duì)于大部分兩個(gè)音節(jié)以上的形容詞，最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成是在形容詞前面加most.請(qǐng)看例句：

　　1) He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world.(他想使每一個(gè)人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。)

　　2) This is the strongest horse I have ever seen.(這是我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最強(qiáng)壯的馬。)

　　3) The boss wanted to find the most careful employees.(老板想找最細(xì)心的雇工。)

　　4) 黃山是我所知道的最美的山之一。(Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known.)

　　5) 這條高速公路是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的。(This express way is one of the longest in China. )

　　6) 這本書(shū)是三本書(shū)中最有意思的。(This book is the most interesting of the three.)

　　rise 是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。例如：

　　1) The sun rises in the east.(太陽(yáng)在東方升起。)

　　2) Give the child some medicine， his temperature is rising.　　(給孩子服藥，他的體溫在升高。)

　　3) The mountain peak rises above the clouds.(山峰高聳入云。)

　　請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別以下動(dòng)詞：

　　1) rise 不及物動(dòng)詞 (起立;上升，高聳;浮現(xiàn))

　　The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.

　　The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.

　　An idea rises in my mind.

　　2) raise 及物動(dòng)詞 (舉起;養(yǎng)育;提高;召集)

　　If you have any questions， please raise your hands.

　　When Father was in the army， Mother had a hard time raising three children.

　　The management promised to raise the workers'salary after the negotiation.

　　He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation.

　　3) arise 不及物動(dòng)詞 (升起;出現(xiàn);由…引起)

　　Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.

　　New problems arise when old ones are solved.

　　His illness arose from malnutrition.

　　4) arouse 及物動(dòng)詞 (喚醒;激起，引起)

　　The noise outside aroused him from sleep.

　　The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him.

　　floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，floor當(dāng)然有其他的意思。如;

　　1) He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7樓。)

　　2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.　(冬天時(shí)，木地板給我溫暖的感覺(jué)。)

　　3) He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在會(huì)上得到了發(fā)言權(quán)。)

　　4)He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles.(他決定用塑料磚鋪廚房地面。)

　　12. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island

　　top 在句中做名詞用，意思是“頂部，山頂”。例如：

　　1) He was the first to climb to the top of the hill.(他第一個(gè)爬上山頂。)

　　2) When we stand on the top of the mountain， the whole city is in sight.(我們站在山頂時(shí)，整個(gè)城市盡收眼底)

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