本課語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

　　1. Learning a language is easy.

　　這是一個(gè) 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) (SVP)句型。句中l(wèi)earning a language為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，在句子中做主語(yǔ)。再如：

　　Forgetting the past means betrayal.(忘記過(guò)去就意味著背叛。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 閱讀英語(yǔ)比講英語(yǔ)容易。 (Reading English is easier than speaking it.)

　　2) 集郵是我弟弟的愛(ài)好。(Collecting stamps is my little brother''s hobby.)

　　2. Even a child can do it.

　　even在句中作副詞用，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“甚至(…也)，連(…都)”。如：He even didn''t trust his best friend.(他甚至不信任他最好的朋友。)

　　請(qǐng)注意even與 even if / though的區(qū)別并翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 這個(gè)我連聽(tīng)都沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò)。(I haven''t even heard of it.)

　　2) 即使花了數(shù)天時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)，他也沒(méi)能考好。(He didn''t do well in the exam even though he spent days reviewing.)

　　3. Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.

　　句中who are learning a second language為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞most adults，再如：

　　The man who wrote this book is a teacher.(寫(xiě)這本書(shū)的人是一位教師。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 穿藍(lán)色夾克的那個(gè)男孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。

　　(The boy who is in a blue jacket is our monitor.)

　　2) 你昨天借給我的那本書(shū)很有趣。

　　(The book that you lent me yesterday is very interesting.)

　　句中的would是助動(dòng)詞，表示“可能”，“(將)會(huì)”。例如：

　　A picnic without you wouldn''t be fun.(野餐沒(méi)你參加會(huì)很沒(méi)意思。)

　　助動(dòng)詞would的用法很多，概括起來(lái)主要有如下幾種：

　　1) 表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：I felt confident that everything would be all right.

　　2) 表示意愿：I asked him not to do it， but he wouldn''t listen to me.

　　3) 表示習(xí)慣性：Every evening， we would go for a walk along the river.

　　4) 表示虛擬，假設(shè)，條件：If you had come earlier， you would have seen him.

　　5) 表示婉轉(zhuǎn)地請(qǐng)求或建議：Would you look after my cat while I am away?

　　4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice， and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.

　　注意句中hundreds of hours的用法，閱讀課本第六頁(yè)注解2.

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的詞組：

　　1) 十個(gè)學(xué)生 ten students

　　數(shù)十個(gè)學(xué)生 tens of students

　　2) 五百年 five hundred years

　　數(shù)百年 hundreds of years

　　3) 兩千年 two thousand years

　　數(shù)千年 thousands of years

　　4) 三百萬(wàn)美元 three million dollars

　　數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元 millions of dollars

　　5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.

　　句中be different from 意為“與…不同”，如：My opinion is different from yours.(我的觀點(diǎn)與你的觀點(diǎn)不同。)

　　請(qǐng)注意下面三個(gè)句子中所用的詞組：

　　Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.

　　Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.

　　The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language.

　　從上面的句子中可以看出differ是動(dòng)詞，different 是形容詞，difference是名詞。

　　6. … find it difficult to succeed in language learning.

　　… find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

　　句中的it是形式賓語(yǔ)(formal object)，真正的賓語(yǔ)(real object)是不定式to succeed in language learning，此類(lèi)用法在英語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn)，請(qǐng)注意掌握。如：At first I found it difficult to remember all these new words.(開(kāi)始我感到記住這些單詞很難。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 外面的噪音使我無(wú)法繼續(xù)工作。

　　(The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.)

　　2) 他們覺(jué)得再爭(zhēng)論下去是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

　　(They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.)

　　3) 她認(rèn)為把真相告訴小王是對(duì)的。

　　(She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.)

　　7. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners.

　　本句中注意掌握動(dòng)詞offer的用法，請(qǐng)看下面的例句：

　　1) He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down. (我坐下后他給我端來(lái)一杯茶。)

　　2) What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers? (對(duì)這些新教師你有什么建議要提嗎?)

　　3) This shop offers all kinds of stationery.(這家商店供應(yīng)各種文具。)

　　4) The old man offered me 100 yuan for the used bike.

　　(那個(gè)老人向我出價(jià)100元買(mǎi)這輛舊自行車(chē)。)

　　5) She offered to help me with my English.(她表示愿意幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。)

　　句中的advice為不可數(shù)名詞，其后不加s，正如課本第六頁(yè)注解3所說(shuō)，有許多東西在漢語(yǔ)中是可數(shù)的，在英語(yǔ)中卻是不可數(shù)的。如news， information， paper 等，若要表示“一個(gè)”這類(lèi)概念，就必須加a piece of這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)，例如：

　　a piece of news

　　a piece of advice

　　a sum of money

　　a piece of bread

　　15. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.

　　不定式短語(yǔ)to learn to think in the language是句子的真正主語(yǔ)。it常常被用來(lái)代替不定式，在句子中充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)移到句子后面去，這樣使句子顯得比較平穩(wěn)。為了說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，便在不定式前加for引起的短語(yǔ)。又如：

　　1) It is not at all difficult for him to understand the poem.

　　2) It is necessary for us to lend him a helping hand at this time.

　　more important than是形容詞比較級(jí)形式，請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 湯姆的年齡比瑪麗大。(Tom is older than Mary.)

　　2) 這本書(shū)比那本書(shū)更有趣。(This book is more interesting than that one.)

　　3) 我們班的學(xué)生人數(shù)比他們班的多。(There are more students in our class than in theirs.)

　　16. … you have probably been learning independently， actively， and purposefully.

　　句中所用的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。又如：

　　1) He has been working for a whole day.

　　2) They have been watching TV for two hours.

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 老李已經(jīng)在南京生活了二十年。(Lao Li has been living in Nanjing for 20 years.)

　　2) 雨下多久了?(How long has it been raining?)

　　3) 我等了他一個(gè)多小時(shí)了。(I have been waiting for him for more than an hour.)

　　17. … if your language learning has been less than successful， you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.

　　less than用在形容詞的前面是為了給所要表述的內(nèi)容增加否定意味。又如：It would be less than fair to put all the blame on him.(把所有的責(zé)任都加在他身上是不太公平的。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 父親對(duì)他的成績(jī)不太滿意。(Father was less than satisfied with his performance.)

　　2) 這個(gè)計(jì)劃遠(yuǎn)不夠完美。(The plan was a good deal less than perfect.)

　　do well to do sth. 的意思是“最好…做”，如：She would do well to go away from these

　　dishonest people.(她最好遠(yuǎn)離這些不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。)

　　本課主要詞組

　　1. disagree with 2. be different from

　　3. succeed in 4. offer sth. to sb.

　　5. as much as 6. practice doing sth.

　　7. be similar to 8. first of all

　　9. depend on 10. instead of

　　11. wait for 12. look for

　　13. learn from 14. communicate with

　　15. be willing to 16. be interested in

　　17. in order to 18. on the other hand

　　19. less than 20. do well to do sth.

　　更多2015年自考資訊、自考報(bào)名時(shí)間、自考時(shí)間及備考資料，請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)考試吧自學(xué)考試網(wǎng)！

　　相關(guān)鏈接：

　　2015自考報(bào)名條件 ※ 2015年自考報(bào)名時(shí)間匯總(全年)

　　各地自考報(bào)名入口 ※ 自考報(bào)考指南專(zhuān)題 ※ 自考?xì)v年真題及答案

　　各地2015自考時(shí)間安排匯總 ※ 自考教材 ※ 各地自考政策匯總