[真題答案]2012年1月考研英語真題及答案

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文都何凱文解析：2012年考研英語一閱讀題

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

　　Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

　　Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

　　The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

　　But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

　　There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

　　Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

　　文章出處：

　　http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2061234,00.html

　　herd mentality

　　21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as

　　根據(jù)第一段，同齡人的壓力通常以什么樣的狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)：

　　[A] a supplement to the social cure

　　對于社會治療的補(bǔ)充

　　[B] a stimulus to group dynamics

　　對于團(tuán)隊(duì)活力的刺激

　　[C] an obstacle to school progress

　　學(xué)校進(jìn)步的阻礙

　　[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors

　　一些不良行為的原因

　　解析：這是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題：對應(yīng)文中It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.題干中的often對應(yīng)原文中的usually;選項(xiàng)中undesirable behaviors對應(yīng)no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. lead對于cause.完美替換，四級難度，出題人很仁慈。

　　22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should

　　羅森博格認(rèn)為公共支持者應(yīng)該：

　　[A] recruit professional advertisers

　　招募職業(yè)的廣告人

　　[B] learn from advertisers’ experience

　　從廣告人那里學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)

　　[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

　　遠(yuǎn)離商業(yè)廣告人

　　[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

　　認(rèn)識到廣告的局限性

　　解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干定位到：三段最后一句：Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. 這樣的句子的理解難點(diǎn)是一個(gè)短語：take a page from向誰學(xué)習(xí)，如果不懂，可以看后面的so skilled at applying，也能熟練的運(yùn)用，一個(gè)“也”道出天機(jī)，小詞有大乾坤啊!

　　23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to

　　作者認(rèn)為Rosenberg未能：

　　[A] adequately probe social and biological factors

　　足夠的探究社會和生物因素

　　[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure

　　有效地逃避社會治療的缺點(diǎn)

　　[C] illustrate the functions of state funding

　　例證出國家基金的功能

　　[D]produce a long-lasting social effect

　　產(chǎn)生長期的社會影響

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題問觀點(diǎn);對應(yīng)句子But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. 指出不足;后面一句中的主語Join the Club 為此人所寫，所以后面的表述就是他的觀點(diǎn)： not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.：完美替換exploration對probe;

　　24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors

　　第五段表明對于行為的模仿：

　　[A] is harmful to our networks of friends

　　對于朋友的網(wǎng)絡(luò)是有害的

　　[B] will mislead behavioral studies

　　會誤導(dǎo)對于行為的研究

　　[C] occurs without our realizing it

　　在沒有意識到的時(shí)候就出現(xiàn)了

　　[D] can produce negative health habits

　　會產(chǎn)生不良的健康習(xí)慣

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題 ;對應(yīng)句子This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.對 unconsciously完美替換。

　　25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is

　　作者在最后一段中認(rèn)為同齡人壓力的效果是：

　　[A] harmful

　　[B] desirable

　　[C] profound

　　[D] questionable

　　解析：局部態(tài)度題 對應(yīng)Far less certain, however, is…The tactic never really works…表明作者對于這個(gè)事物的看法是不確定的所以選最后一個(gè)

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