名詞從句

　　講五個(gè)問(wèn)題：

　　一、名詞從句的本質(zhì)。

　　1. 概念：就是把一個(gè)完整的句子當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞來(lái)使用。那么從句就具備了名詞所具備的所有性質(zhì)。主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。

　　2. 引導(dǎo)名詞從句常用的連詞。有三類：1)that; 2)whether,if; 3)when,where ,how等連接副詞或what,who,whose等連接代詞。

　　That引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不能做任何句子成分。what一定在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)。Which 和whose 后面必須接名詞。例如：

　　Concerns were raised __witness might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.

　　A.what B.when C.which D.that

　　3)多重的名詞從句現(xiàn)象。例如：

　　I realized that what I said was not exactly what meant to say.

　　考題：Prof. Lee’s book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.

　　[A] that you have observed

　　[B] that how you have observed

　　[C] how that you have observed(D)

　　[D] how what you have observed

　　二、名詞從句中的主語(yǔ)從句

　　主語(yǔ)從句有如下幾種表示方式：

　　1.用which, that放在句首引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。例如：

　　That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.

　　3.用it is +ved+that…例如：

　　It is believed that you are good boy.

　　3. 用whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。例如：

　　Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable.

　　三、賓語(yǔ)從句

　　需要掌握的幾點(diǎn)：

　　及物動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。2005年例句：

　　Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us?

　　四、表語(yǔ)從句

　　就是一句話做另一個(gè)句子的表語(yǔ)。就是把從句放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。1997年例句：

　　A report consistently brought back by visits to the US is how friendly, cautious and hopeful most Americans were to them.

　　五、同位語(yǔ)從句

　　就是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明同位語(yǔ)的名詞成分的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)是：名詞+that+從句。

　　同位語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的的that, which可以省略，而引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略。定語(yǔ)從句中的that必須在從句中扮演主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)從句的that不扮演任何成分。例如：

　　There is a popular saying that family instability causes social instability. that不做句子成分。