技巧

　　1、如何提出議題

　　關(guān)于，至于：in (with) relation to …; in (with) regard to (of) …; as regards …; as concerns …; in (with) reference to …; in point of …; as to …; regarding/concerning …; with (in) respect to …; be concerned with …

　　as far as … be concerned 就…而言 (as far as my knowledge is concerned 據(jù)我所知)

　　when it comes to … 說(shuō)到

　　2、如何表示贊同和贊賞

　　agree; appreciate; approve of sth.; assent; be all for …; be commendable; be worthy of praise; consent; commend; deserve commendation; endorse; express agreement with; favor; speak highly of; support; win the approval of …; It stands to reason that …; have good reason to believe

　　3、如何表達(dá)反對(duì)意見(jiàn)

　　at first glance it looks as if … but …; but actually; can’t stand the idea that …; differ; disagree; however, in truth …; I can hardly approve of …; I don’t see any advantage in …; in actual fact; in point of fact; in reality, however; it is not my idea that …; it is doubtful that …; it may seem that ….However, …; many people …, but I …; on the surface (it appears as if); one drawback is …; the truth of the matter is …;

　　4、如何表達(dá)好或壞的評(píng)價(jià)

　　表示好感

　　admire; appreciate; acclaim; commend; enjoy; form a high opinion of; have a favorable opinion of; in the opinion of … be right (sound, the best); it is wise (an effective way) to do; make a persuasive argument; regard …as reasonable; share; express the wishes of …; voice the desires of …; combine the advantages of …

　　表示反對(duì)

　　have (form) a low (an ill) opinion of …; be disgusted with …; can’t find evidence to justify …; don’t care for; wonder why …; it’s not practical to do sth.; one drawback is …; That is not my way; seem forced; be offensive to …; what I can’t stand is …; what I am worried about (afraid of) is …

　　5、如何為觀點(diǎn)辯護(hù)

　　point to my conclusion…; will share my view; Don’t get me wrong; even if you don’t … I would like to …; agree with … in principle but disagree with … in detail; I assume I have provided plenty of facts …; I can hardly avoid the conclusion; I don’t want to be offensive but; I put up my idea with so many examples that …; if we consider the matter from another angle; in effect, what I am trying to explain is …; in other words; let me accept what they said as true for now but …; let me make it simpler; my analysis, though not pleasing (satisfactory) to some people, …; my conclusion (judgment) will be proved by facts; my experience told me …; my article indicated clearly …; … is not what I meant

　　6、如何進(jìn)一步分析問(wèn)題

　　all things considered; allowing for the fact that …; considering …; considered scientifically; even if it is so; (even) taking … into consideration; keeping … in mind; on second thought; that would be great except …

　　7、如何解釋前因后果

　　because; as; since; for; so; thus; then; now that; so … that; so that; such … that; due to; thanks to; owing to; in order to; in other that …; on account of; for this (that) reason; for one thing … for another …; result from …; cause; lead to; the reason for (why, that); by reason of

　　8、如何說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果

　　as a result; as a consequence; the result of …; consequently; logically; similarly; therefore; accordingly

　　9、如何提出例外情況

　　there are exceptions; an exception to that is; not include; except that; one exception is; except for; except; with the exception of (that)

　　10、如何舉例說(shuō)明

　　by way of examples; in illustration of; such as; like; and so on; and so forth; are good examples of; is a case of; is a case in point; take one example to do; provide examples of; illustrate examples from; draw (find) examples from (in, among) …

　　11、如何確定議論對(duì)象

　　according to … group; divide; classify … based on …; be graded as; classification; constitute the striking features; belong to; be classed depending on …; be defined as …; be regarded as …; refer to …; stand for …

　　12、如何運(yùn)用比較與類(lèi)比

　　while; whereas; however; nevertheless; but; though; similarly; likewise; in comparison with; in contrast to (with) …; contrasted with …; compared with …; be similar (alike) in …; be the same as …; bear the similarity to …; there is a similarity of … to …; be dissimilar to (from, with) …; be different from …; the difference between (of) … and …

　　13、如何按照擬定順序敘述

　　First (firstly), … Second (secondly), … Third (thirdly), …Finally, …

　　In the first place, …In the second place, … In the third place, …

　　To begin with, … What’s more, … Besides, …

　　14、如何歸納總結(jié)

　　to sum up; conclude; in conclusion; in short; generally speaking; in general; generally; to summarize; in brief; to make a long story short; all in all; in the end; by and large

　　解決：solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle

　　消除：get rid of, eradicate, eliminate

　　依賴(lài)：rely on, depend on, count on

　　十分：very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously

　　損害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair

　　給予：give, offer, render, impart, provide

　　發(fā)展：develop, cultivate, foster

　　優(yōu)勢(shì)：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength

　　缺陷：disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness