2010考研英語高分策略：長(zhǎng)難句語法突破特訓(xùn)

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　　自考研英語考試改革后，語法已經(jīng)不再作為單獨(dú)考查的內(nèi)容，但是它卻無時(shí)無刻不貫穿在整個(gè)英語考卷中，以各種形式來考查考生的語言基礎(chǔ)能力。完形填空題會(huì)直接考查語法知識(shí)；而占考試比重最大的閱讀理解和翻譯，不僅閱讀量較大，而且出現(xiàn)各種各樣的長(zhǎng)難句，這些長(zhǎng)難句由于單詞多，成分復(fù)雜，語序顛倒或成分省略，往往對(duì)考生具有極大的殺傷力。因此，如何提高對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解能力，就成為我們突破考研，贏取高分的秘笈所在。

　　我們知道，每道真題都是經(jīng)過許多專家精心編纂、深思熟慮、反復(fù)論證才最終出現(xiàn)在考生面前的。我們反復(fù)研究真題典型例句，目的就在于探求其出題點(diǎn)及熟練掌握各種語法應(yīng)用，逐漸將長(zhǎng)難句一一突破。

　　I。長(zhǎng)難句特點(diǎn)剖析：

　　要應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句，就要了解其特點(diǎn)，所謂知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)百勝。分析歷年長(zhǎng)難句，將其主要特點(diǎn)總結(jié)如下：

　　特點(diǎn)一：句子長(zhǎng)，字?jǐn)?shù)多

　　例如：

　　Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others。(41 words)(2003完形)

　　From the middle-class family perspective，much of this，understandably，looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility，and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders。(45 words)(2007閱讀3)

　　Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong。(45 words)(2009閱讀3)

　　特點(diǎn)二：成分多，分析難

　　1。成分復(fù)雜

　　例如：

　　Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”， a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. (2002閱讀4)

　　其中包含although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句、條件狀語從句，又包含there be句型，以及各種非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用等。

　　When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. (2003閱讀3)

　　其中包含時(shí)間狀語從句、it作形式主語、賓語從句、并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)、讓步狀語從句以及主語從句。

　　2。分隔結(jié)構(gòu)

　　例如：

　　I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much�瞤ublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”， and making the alternative move into “ownshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. (2001閱讀5)

　　謂語discovered與其后的賓語從句that abandoning…and making…brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status被as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句分隔。

　　Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year—from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp. and even the University of California, Berkeley—have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities. (2007閱讀4)

　　主語Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year與謂語have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities被介詞短語作的伴隨狀語分隔，分隔部分作主句的補(bǔ)充說明。

　　3。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

　　例如：

　　On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. (2008-48)

　　乍一看，很多學(xué)生會(huì)誤以為as well founded是accept的并列謂語，但又注意到founded是過去式或過去分詞的形式，而accept用的是原形，因此排除并列謂語的可能。那么as well founded 作什么成分？實(shí)際上經(jīng)過分析，本句使用了倒裝(參見倒裝章節(jié))，提前了賓語補(bǔ)足語as well founded(有根據(jù)的)，這是由于賓語charge包含了一個(gè)后置定語以及一個(gè)同位語從句，因句子過長(zhǎng)作者調(diào)整了語序。

　　Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team. (1995閱讀5)

　　本句中，否定詞nor提在句首，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句作分隔結(jié)構(gòu)，主語management和系動(dòng)詞is間發(fā)生了倒裝。

　　4。各種省略的使用

　　例如：

　　Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. (2002-65)

　　該句子中，Until these issues are resolved是時(shí)間狀語從句；a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected是句子的主干；and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems該部分顯然是并列句，但是在該部分中，with it中的代詞指代a technology of behavior，這種結(jié)構(gòu)常常翻譯成“隨之”，但是，the only way to solve our problems作什么成分？經(jīng)過分析，這里面省略了謂語(參見省略章節(jié))，這是由于在并列分句中，后一分句與前一分句如果有相同成分，那么相同成分可以被省略。本題中，完整的語句應(yīng)為the only way to solve our problems will continue to be rejected。