考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解命題思路透析和真題揭秘(39)

1996年P(guān)assage 5

Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher's pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent , unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. "Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are evil, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfunda mentalist religious leaders have come to regard "scientific" creationism as bad science and bad religion.

The first four chapters of Kitcher's book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.

Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The nonspecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

69. From the passage we can infer that__
[A] reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate
[B] creationists do not base their argument on reasoning
[C] evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists
[D] creationism is supported by scientific findings

[答案] B

[解題思路]

本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在文章最后一段，該段最后一句話指出"And so it does-and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate"（ 的確如此--如果理性是創(chuàng)世紀(jì)論和進(jìn)化論之爭(zhēng)的惟一評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么一切問(wèn)題就迎刃而解），A選項(xiàng)顯然與原句不符，因?yàn)樵�文只是假設(shè)理性起評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的作用，但事實(shí)并非如此。根據(jù)文章最后一句的意思，推斷應(yīng)該決定這番辯論中哪一方是正確的，而作者的態(tài)度一直都是反對(duì)創(chuàng)世紀(jì)論，因此可以推斷creationism不是以理性為基礎(chǔ)，B是正確選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)與最后一句第二句話"The nonspecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory"（非專業(yè)人士至少可以了解支持進(jìn)化論的各種數(shù)據(jù)和觀點(diǎn)）的意思不符，可以排除。D選項(xiàng)明顯與原文觀點(diǎn)違背，是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

[題目譯文]

從文中我們可以推斷              。
[A] 邏輯推理在辯論中發(fā)揮了決定性的作用。
[B] 創(chuàng)世紀(jì)論的觀點(diǎn)不是基于邏輯推理
[C] 進(jìn)化論對(duì)于非專業(yè)人士來(lái)說(shuō)太難了
[D] 創(chuàng)世紀(jì)論者得到了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的支持