第五章、細(xì)節(jié)題命題思路透析
Part I、命題規(guī)律透析
細(xì)節(jié)題考查的是文章中的具體信息和關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)，是每年考研題型中出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的題型，一般都有十幾道題。與主旨題考查考生對(duì)于文章的總體理解不同，細(xì)節(jié)題考查的是考生對(duì)于文章局部結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握。細(xì)節(jié)題相對(duì)于其他題型比較簡(jiǎn)單，同時(shí)做好這類題對(duì)于考生在閱讀理解部分取得基礎(chǔ)分和高分都有著至關(guān)重要的作用，因此考生應(yīng)該爭(zhēng)取做對(duì)全部的細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)節(jié)題考查的內(nèi)容包羅萬(wàn)象，根據(jù)閱讀文章的具體情況而定。對(duì)于議論文來(lái)說(shuō)，細(xì)節(jié)題的考查范圍一般為以下內(nèi)容：事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)、新舊觀點(diǎn)、從正面或者反面來(lái)論證的例子、文章結(jié)論等。對(duì)于說(shuō)明文來(lái)說(shuō)，細(xì)節(jié)題一般都會(huì)涉及到某個(gè)具體的事件、現(xiàn)象或者人物，問題往往涉及到：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件特征；起因、過(guò)程、結(jié)果、意義；目的、條件、步驟、方法； 數(shù)據(jù)、年代、世紀(jì)等。
細(xì)節(jié)題的提問方式非常多樣，一般都兩種形式，即不完整的陳述句和完整的問句形式。在陳述句中，常用的引出問題的詞語(yǔ)或者詞組包括from, because of, by, according to 等。在問句中，常用的疑問詞包括what, which, where, who, when, how （也就是我們平時(shí)經(jīng)常說(shuō)的新聞寫作的五個(gè)"W"+ 一個(gè)"H"）。下面我們還將有更加詳細(xì)的規(guī)律剖析。
如果進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的細(xì)分，則細(xì)節(jié)題還可以分為以下4類：1、考查事實(shí)和同義轉(zhuǎn)化的細(xì)節(jié)題，這種題目一般會(huì)把原文中的信息在不改變?cè)獾那闆r下通過(guò)另一種說(shuō)法來(lái)表述，因此選項(xiàng)中有可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些新的考生不熟悉的信息。2、考查因果關(guān)系的細(xì)節(jié)題，這種題目中一般要求考生根據(jù)題干中的信息在原文中找到某一個(gè)現(xiàn)象存在或事件發(fā)生的原因和結(jié)果，及其之間的關(guān)系。3、考查例證關(guān)系的細(xì)節(jié)題，這種題目一般考查考生對(duì)于作者在文章中進(jìn)行舉例的目的的理解，也就是說(shuō)，要考生找出文章中某一個(gè)具體的實(shí)例所論證的觀點(diǎn)。4、考查方式和手段的細(xì)節(jié)題，這種題目要求考生從文章找出做某一件事情的方法和手段。
細(xì)節(jié)題常見表達(dá)方式
1、考查事實(shí)和同義轉(zhuǎn)化的細(xì)節(jié)題
According to paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to . (2007)
In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that . (2007)
According to the author, health-saving plans will . (2007)
Ericsson and his colleagues believe that . (2007)
According to Eriscsson, good memory . (2007)
In the author's opinion, advertising . (2006)
The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries' . (2006)
Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that . (2006)
According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century . (2006)
The negative feeling generated during the day tend to . (2005)
Researchers have come to believe that dreams . (2005)
According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as . (2005)
An argument made by supporters of smoking was that . (2005)
Dr. Brosonan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that monkeys . (2005)
The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are . (2004)
What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school? (2004)
When mentioning "the $4 million to $10 million rage" (line 3, Para 3), the author is talking about . (2004)
Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents? (2004)
In contrast to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care . (2003)
The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should . (2003)
Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is . (2003)
Straitford is most proud of its . (2003)
The emergence of the Net has . (2003)
