考研英語閱讀理解命題思路透析和真題揭秘(23)

1994年P(guān)assage 4

　　"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we'll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise," says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. "But," he cautions, "some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available."

　　This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging-----13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺).

　　With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes (基因), are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.

　　The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. "Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process, " says oncologist William Haywar. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, "We can' t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays. "
 
　　The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter. "First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action. "

66. The word "dormant" in the third paragraph most probably means__.
[A] dead  
[B] ever-present  
[C] inactive  
[D] potential

[答案] C

[解題思路]

　　"dormant"一詞出現(xiàn)在文章第三段的倒數(shù)第二句"Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown"。通過上下文的"activate"（激活）以及下一句中的"driven into action"，這些線索都可以說明"dormant"表示的是"inactive"的意思，正確答案為C。"dormant"的意思是"休眠的"，原句的意思是"從宇宙射線、輻射到日常飲食，任何東西都可能激活一個處于靜止狀態(tài)的致癌基因，但如何激活的原因卻尚不為人知"。

[題目譯文]

第三段中的"dormant"這個詞語的意思很可能是          。
[A] 死的
[B] 經(jīng)常存在的
[C] 不活躍的
[D] 潛在的