二. 一詞多意
考研英語(yǔ)對(duì)詞匯深度的考查尤其體現(xiàn)在一詞多意，一詞多性。例如light這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)詞匯，很多同學(xué)只知道light n.光；而這個(gè)單詞在考研中出現(xiàn)了19次，考查的意思多達(dá)5種。
light/lighting/lighter (19次)
【熟義熟性】n.光，發(fā)光體，燈 Light-year 光年
【僻義僻性】lighting n.照明，照明設(shè)備，舞臺(tái)燈光
【真題例句】At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.[1996年Text3]
【經(jīng)典譯文】與此同時(shí)，大城市的市政府也開始涉足實(shí)業(yè)界，為納稅人提供照明、電車及其它服務(wù)。
【僻義僻性】a. 輕的
【僻義僻性】Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.[2000年閱讀Text2]
【經(jīng)典譯文】50年前，嬰兒(尤其是男嬰)存活的幾率取決于體重，輕一公斤或重一公斤幾乎意味著必死無(wú)疑。
【僻義僻性】v. 點(diǎn)燃
【真題例句】Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.[1999年閱讀Text1]【經(jīng)典譯文】把爐子點(diǎn)燃后，你有可能把整座房子燒毀。
【�？级陶Z(yǔ)】in the light of 按照, 根據(jù), 當(dāng)作 [近] according to
【真題例句】He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.[2006年翻譯]
【經(jīng)典譯文】他自覺(jué)地、清晰地、坦率地、探索這樣的問(wèn)題：首先問(wèn)事實(shí)問(wèn)題，然后問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題，最后根據(jù)他掌握的事實(shí)和道德信息給出恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨榻ㄗh。
【�？级陶Z(yǔ)】shed light on= cast light on
[本意] 把燈光投射在…之上; [轉(zhuǎn)義] 詳細(xì)說(shuō)明
【真題例句】A researcher has now __48__ the mystery of why the animals die.[1995年完形填空]
[A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on
【經(jīng)典譯文】一名研究者現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)揭開了動(dòng)物死亡之謎。
【復(fù)合詞語(yǔ)】light-hearted 1) 輕松愉快的; 2) 隨便的，掉以輕心的
【真題例句】Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.[2002年閱讀Text1]
【經(jīng)典譯文】常常是你說(shuō)話的方式使人發(fā)笑，因此說(shuō)慢一些，并且記住揚(yáng)揚(yáng)眉毛或者露出一副不相信的表情都有助于顯示你在做輕松的評(píng)論。
lighter有三個(gè)意思：1)更輕，2)更亮；3)打火機(jī)
address在歷年真題中出現(xiàn)了10次，這是一個(gè)初中生都認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯，但是在歷年考研的歷年真題中考到了多個(gè)生僻的意思。
【熟義熟性】n.地址，通訊處
【僻義僻性之一】 v. 致函，寫姓名地址；
【真題例句】Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. [1986詞匯第3題]
【經(jīng)典譯文】在離開之前，他給他女兒寫了一封信。
【僻義僻性之二】v. 向……講話，致詞
【真題例句】Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.[2002年閱讀Text1]
【經(jīng)典譯文】針對(duì)不同的聽眾，要談的問(wèn)題也應(yīng)該不同
【僻義僻性之三】vt. 處理，解決問(wèn)題
【真題例句】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形]
【經(jīng)典譯文】《波士頓環(huán)球日?qǐng)?bào)》記者克里斯"雷迪認(rèn)為只有通過(guò)全面規(guī)劃來(lái)解決這些無(wú)家可歸者的各種需求，這種局面才有可能得到改善。
考研中常考的一詞多意約有100多個(gè)，筆者已經(jīng)總結(jié)成精美的打印背誦版在考研詞匯班上發(fā)放。部分“一詞多意”
