考研英語閱讀理解命題思路透析和真題揭秘(3)

六）、考研閱讀理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點

　　對于一篇完整的英文說明文或者議論文來說，不論其形式看上去有多么復(fù)雜多樣，但是套用一句老話："萬變不離其宗。"一般考研閱讀的文章都是采取傳統(tǒng)的三段論形式：即提出問題（提出說明的事物或者現(xiàn)象）、分析問題（對事物或者現(xiàn)象進行說明）、解決問題（對說明的事物或者現(xiàn)象進行總結(jié)）。當(dāng)然這里所說的"三段論"不是指所有的文章都分為三個段落，但是大部分文章基本上都是由這三個部分組成的。下面我們列舉幾種具體的情況來進行簡單的分析，并在每種模式后面都舉出了一篇考研真題的文章以幫助具體考生理解這些模式的特點，考生在平時的復(fù)習(xí)中也應(yīng)該自己注意訓(xùn)練相關(guān)的判斷力。

模式1

第一部分：提出問題，可以開門見山地提出問題或者先闡述他人的觀點然后揭示自己與之相左的觀點；

第二部分：層層遞進地進行分析，段落之間的邏輯聯(lián)系非常強，每一段的論述都之前一段為依據(jù)，這些段落經(jīng)常以moreover, further, furthermore, besides, in addition 等詞語或者詞組開頭；

第三部分：在第二部分邏輯推理的基礎(chǔ)上得出結(jié)論。

例文：95年P(guān)assage 3

　　In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life' s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.

　　In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.

　　Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated , time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .

　　Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.

　　In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.

　　其中中間三段的第一句話都是對上文的承接并引出新的話題，分別為"In addition to this..."、"Adding to societal changes is an enormous stockpile of information"、"Coupled with the growing quantity of information is..."。