2008考研英語輔導(dǎo)：完型填空復(fù)習(xí)指南二

完型填空真題分析（2004）

　　Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection of middle-class values.

　　Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also (33) ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

21.[A] acting     [B] relying     [C] centering     [D] cementing
22.[A] before     [B] unless     [C] until     [D] because
23.[A] interactions　[B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation
24.[A] return     [B] reply     [C] reference     [D] response
25.[A] or     [B] but rather     [C] but     [D] or else
26.[A] considering     [B] ignoring   [C] highlighting   [D] discarding
27.[A] on     [B] in     [C] for     [D] with
28.[A] immune     [B] resistant     [C] sensitive     [D] subject
29.[A] affect     [B] reduce     [C] chock     [D] reflect
30.[A] point     [B] lead     [C] come     [D] amount
31.[A] in general     [B] on average     [C] by contrast    [D] at length
32.[A] case     [B] short     [C] turn     [D] essence
33.[A] survived     [B] noticed     [C] undertaken     [D] experienced
34.[A] contrarily　[B] consequently　[C] similarly　[D] simultaneously
35.[A] than     [B] that     [C] which     [D] as
36.[A] system     [B] structure     [C] concept     [D] heritage
37.[A] assessable    [B] identifiable   [C] negligible   [D]incredible
38.[A] expense   [B] restriction    [C] allocation    [D] availability
39.[A] incidence     [B] awareness     [C] exposure    [D] popularity
40.[A] provided     [B] since     [C] although     [D] supposing

　　從總體上看，2004年的考研完型填空難度并不高，無論是文章本身的閱讀難度還是所考查的詞匯難度都處于平均水平。從文章背景來看這是一篇有關(guān)探討導(dǎo)致青少年犯罪因素理論的社會科學(xué)類說明文，仍然遵循了近些年來完型文章基本都是選取有關(guān)社會科學(xué)題材的說明文或議論文的傳統(tǒng)。從文章的布局和結(jié)構(gòu)來看，依舊按照完型文章最為典型的總分對照結(jié)構(gòu)，由總述句概括出一個中心主線，整篇文章圍繞著這個中心主線展開，具體的文章結(jié)構(gòu)和中心主線分析如下：

　　本文采用了總分對照結(jié)構(gòu)，文章的首句即為本文的總述句，直接定義出本文的核心主題：“Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.”
即本文主題是有關(guān)青少年犯罪的理論，而且這些理論主要分為兩大類：一類側(cè)重于個人因素的影響，另一類側(cè)重于社會因素的影響。文章的分述部分就是圍繞著這些理論詳細(xì)展開，具體列舉了造成青少年犯罪率上升的幾種因素。

詞匯考點(diǎn)分析
　　從所考查的詞匯分布來看，2004年完型仍然是重點(diǎn)考查動詞的用法、近義詞辨析、以及通過考連詞考查考生對上下文（句）邏輯關(guān)系的理解這三大考點(diǎn)。
　　考查動詞用法的題占了6道，包括21、26、29、30、33、40題；考查名詞近義詞辨析占了6道，包括23、24、32、36、38、39題；考查形容詞近義詞辨析占了2道，比往年要少，包括28和37題；考查副詞近義詞辨析只有1道，34題；考查近義詞辨析的題一共有9道；通過考連詞考查上下文（句）邏輯關(guān)系的題占了3道，包括22、25、35題；從上述分析可以看出，三大考點(diǎn)就一共占了完型填空全部20道題中的18道題。其他的考介詞的1道（27題）、考固定搭配的1道（31題）。

英語知識運(yùn)用分析
21. 答案：[C] centering
分析：本題是典型的“復(fù)現(xiàn)”題，即作者在文章不同的地方使用相同或者不同的詞匯表達(dá)相同或類似的意思。本文的第一句話中（Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence），已經(jīng)使用了詞組：. focus on（關(guān)注于，側(cè)重于，著重于）解釋理論側(cè)重于的內(nèi)容；而且本段落的最后一句話在解釋另一種理論所側(cè)重于的內(nèi)容時，又一次使用了focus on （Theories focusing on the role of society……）, 所以，作者為本題已經(jīng)給出了明確的已知提示線索—“focus on”，從4個選項中選出centering on表達(dá)與focus on同樣意思即可。

22. 答案：[D] because
分析：本題是考查上下句邏輯關(guān)系銜接的連詞題，從前后兩句來看一定是因果關(guān)系，后面的句子（they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or……）是對前一句青少年為什么犯罪的解釋，只能選擇[D] because。如果選擇了其他三個選項，上下句的邏輯關(guān)系就不通了。

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