在“考研閱讀的最高境界——（一）五層遞進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)法”等文章中我說明了應(yīng)該如何把握閱讀文章與試題：
1． 把握中心思想層
2． 概括段落大意層
3． 深入剖析文章層
4． 摘錄背誦佳句層
5． 換位思考命題層
現(xiàn)在以歷年真題為例說明如何實(shí)施上述的五層遞進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)法。在每篇文章的后面，“文章結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的1與2，“核心詞匯”、“難句分析”與“參考譯文”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的3，“佳句摘錄”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的4，而“試題詳解”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的5。關(guān)于“五層遞進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)法”的具體內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)閱讀本人博客中的同名文章。
Passage 2
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon—it’s already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
5. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to.
［A］ withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes
［B］ obtain more convenient services than other people do
［C］ enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
［D］ cash money wherever he wishes to
6. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that .
［A］ in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
［B］ credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
［C］ nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
［D］ it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
7. The phrase “ring up sales”(Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means “”.
［A］ make an order of goods
［B］ record sales on a cash register
［C］ call the sales manager
［D］ keep track of the goods in stock
8. What is this passage mainly about?
［A］ Approaches to the commercial use of computers.
［B］ Conveniences brought about by computers in business.
［C］ Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.
［D］ Advantages of credit cards in business.
文章結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容
文章結(jié)構(gòu)：層層遞進(jìn)型。這種文章各段分別闡述文中核心問題的一個(gè)方面，而且各段段首常伴有表示并列或遞進(jìn)的詞，文章的中心由綜合各段段首得到。本文論述計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用，三個(gè)段落各討論一個(gè)方面。首段貌似談?wù)撔庞每ū旧淼姆⻊?wù)，但由二段首句可以看出首段也在談?wù)撚?jì)算機(jī)帶來的便利（conveniences），因?yàn)樾庞每ǖ氖褂靡彩墙柚谟?jì)算機(jī)。另外，注意二段與三段段首在結(jié)構(gòu)上的作用。
核心詞匯
1. issue 發(fā)行，頒布； n. 問題，發(fā)行（物），（報(bào)刊）期號(hào)
2. credit 信用；功勞；學(xué)分（同根詞incredible難以置信的---cred相信）
3. automatic 自動(dòng)的，無意識(shí)的（同根詞automobile汽車---auto自動(dòng)）
4. available 可以利用的；可得到的
5. withdraw 提��；撤銷
6. deposit 存入，付（保證金）；n. 存款，保證金
7. scattered 分散的（動(dòng)詞scatter）
8. cashless 無現(xiàn)金的（反義詞cash 現(xiàn)金）
9. on the horizon 即將來臨的（horizon 地平線；眼界）
10. convenience 便利，方便；便利設(shè)施（形容詞convenient）
11. cash register 現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)，現(xiàn)金進(jìn)出記錄機(jī)（register 登記，注冊(cè)）
12. ring up 把…記入現(xiàn)金進(jìn)出記錄機(jī)；打電話
13. keep track of 記錄，跟上…的進(jìn)展（track 軌跡，跑道）
14. reorder 再定貨（order訂購）
15. assignment分配，委派；任務(wù)，作業(yè)
16. accordingly 相應(yīng)地，因此
17. identify確定，識(shí)別 （名詞identity身份）
18. preferred customers 有優(yōu)先權(quán)的顧客
19. promotional 推銷的，促進(jìn)的（動(dòng)詞promote 促進(jìn)，提升；促銷）
20. in stock 有現(xiàn)貨的，有庫存的（stock 庫存，現(xiàn)貨；股票）
21. on hand 現(xiàn)有，在手頭
22. utility公用事業(yè)公司，公用事業(yè)設(shè)備，公用事業(yè)；效用（動(dòng)詞utilize利用）
* * *
23. automation 自動(dòng)化（同根詞automatic）
研究生入學(xué)考試歷年真題匯總表
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