07考研英語最新輔導(dǎo)講義：閱讀理解的應(yīng)試總則

　　閱讀理解應(yīng)試總則

　　對于考研英語的閱讀理解部分，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握的最基本的應(yīng)試總則就是命題專家的出題原則，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)所讀文章的寫作思路，利用信號關(guān)鍵詞進行定位，然后到選項中找到最佳重疊原文意思的選項。這就是閱讀理解的解題全過程。

　　

考生在判斷選項是否能重疊原文時，常常會感到迷惑，無法判斷選項是否與原文內(nèi)容完全重疊，這是因為在設(shè)計考題時常用一些語言點來迷惑考生。一般說來，命題專家最常用的有四種方式：“語言簡化”、“反話正說”、“正話反說”和“關(guān)鍵詞替換”。

　　“語言簡化”是命題專家命題時所使用的原則。在設(shè)置選項時，四個選項的長度及句法不應(yīng)有太大差異，而選項所使用的語言難度必須低于文章本身的難度。
“反話正說”的命題方式是指文中用否定方式，選項用肯定的方式。即所謂的否定形式表達(dá)肯定意思。

1．“Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.”

The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the     . ［2000］

［A］turning of the business cycle               ［B］restructuring of industry

［C］improved business management                    ［D］success in education

 

2．The strange, almost incomprehensible fact is that many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, believe that they should lecture dully. To show enthusiasm is to risk appearing unscientific, un-objective, it is to appeal to the students' emotions rather than their intellect. Thus the ideal lecture is one filled with facts and read in an unchanged monotone.

The majority of university professors prefer the traditional way of lecturing in the belief that _____.

A) it draws the close attention of the students

B) it conforms in a way to the design of the Creator

C) it presents course content in a scientific and objective manner

D) it helps students to comprehend abstract theories more easily

Exercises:

1. They are nowhere close to achieving anything.

2. He is no more fit to be a president than a schoolboy would be.

3. A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is.

4. I don’t so much love him as sympathize with him.

5. There is no rule but has exceptions.

6. They never meet without quarreling.

7. Nobody sought his aid but were helped.

8. The potential benefit of exercises can’t be overestimated.

另外一種常用的命題方式“正話反說”，是指原文用肯定方式表述，而選項用否定方式表述，兩者意義相吻合。

 

3．How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don't have unpredictable things, you don't have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried （簡潔的）reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.

The author asserts that scientists         .

［A］shouldn't replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought

［B］shouldn't neglect to speculate on unpredictable things

［C］should write more concise reports for technical journals

［D］should be confident about their research findings［1999］

Exercises:

1.       Donavan would have loved the Internet.

2.       We couldn’t have gone to the beach on a better day.

3.       Its results fell short of my expectations.

4.       This is the last thing I want to do.

5.       Your answer is far from my satisfaction.

6.       He is anything but an artist.

7.       It’s out of the question/ out of question.

8.       This is more than I can chew.   It’s beyond/above me.

9.       You should have known better than to take my words seriously.

 

“關(guān)鍵詞替換”是專家命題時最常用的方式，幾乎每一道題都用這種方式來設(shè)置。

 

4．This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, receives a new form of expression.

Futurists claim that we must           .

［A］increase the production of literature

［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress

［C］develop new modes of expression

［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs

 

5．During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion(憐憫)for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement. Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compensation law in 1884.

5．The world's first workers' compensation law was introduced by Bismarck      .

A) for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement

B) out of religious and political considerations

C) to speed up the pace of industrialization

D) to make industrial production safer

6．We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _______.

A) met growing resistance from laborers working at machines

B) resulted in the development of popular social insurance programs

C) was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidents

D) required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace

下面結(jié)合閱讀理解應(yīng)試的基本步驟，就具體題型提出相應(yīng)的應(yīng)試原則。

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