善用閱讀老方法 破解考研英語閱讀“新題型”

我們一起來分析41題的做法，按照PART A部分的閱讀方法，通過閱讀該空缺前面的段落，我們能夠抓住的重要信息是：Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct. 同理，空缺之后的段落告訴我們的重要信息是：Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.

對比空缺前后的兩個重要信息之后不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，extinct和a reasonably accurate構(gòu)成了一對矛盾，要解決這一矛盾，我們可以大膽假設(shè)：在空缺的段落處必然發(fā)生過一次轉(zhuǎn)折，否則，文章內(nèi)容的連貫性和邏輯性就無法保證�；�于這一假設(shè)，我們?nèi)ブ鹨粸g覽選項，會迅速定位到B項一個明確的標(biāo)志詞Nevertheless，恰好傳遞了“強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折”的邏輯意味。將B項帶回原文通讀，發(fā)現(xiàn)其無論是內(nèi)容還是邏輯上都符合行文的要求。因此可斷定為正確項。

當(dāng)然，對文章的邏輯性不夠敏感的學(xué)生，還可以通過內(nèi)容的詞匯線索著手。如前所述，通過對比空缺前后的段落我們發(fā)現(xiàn)extinct和a reasonably accurate構(gòu)成了一對矛盾，進(jìn)一步研讀空缺后面的段落，結(jié)合該段主題句，遵循中心詞匯重現(xiàn)原則，不難定位到該段的關(guān)鍵詞rock。據(jù)此我們可以大膽假設(shè)：在空缺的段落處也必然出現(xiàn)過rock這一名詞，而且段落內(nèi)容與本段具有前后關(guān)聯(lián)性�；�于這一假設(shè)，及帶回原文通讀，也可以最終確定正確項為B。

同理，通過對各空缺前后段落的研讀及內(nèi)容、邏輯關(guān)系特征詞的尋找，進(jìn)而與選項相關(guān)特征詞加以匹配，42到45題可逐一破解。在這里因篇幅所限，不再一一展開。

從上面的分析不難看出，“七選五”題型不僅考查學(xué)生宏觀上把握文章主要內(nèi)容的能力，比如對段落主題句的把握，同時也考查重點細(xì)節(jié)的處理能力，比如對轉(zhuǎn)折詞、關(guān)鍵詞的敏感。而這與PART A部分的考查目的本質(zhì)上是一致的。再看1994年的一篇文章：

One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the "cashless society" is not on the horizon — it's already here.

While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.

Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

58. What is this passage mainly about?

[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.

[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.

[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.

[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.

這是一道主旨題，而做題的關(guān)鍵正如《大綱解析》所說的對“那些出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞或短語”或者“隱性路標(biāo)詞”的把握，即本文中的conveniences，advantages，better and more efficient services等一串詞。

事實上，再三強(qiáng)調(diào)《大綱》及《大綱解析》作為考研英語最高綱領(lǐng)性文件的重要性都不為過。凡認(rèn)真研究過《大綱解析》的人就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，對文章主要內(nèi)容以及重點細(xì)節(jié)的把握，其中是有非常到位的闡釋的。其針對傳統(tǒng)PART A部分“如何抓住重要信息”提出的閱讀策略概括起來有三點：第一、注意那些出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞或短語（如前所述：rock這個詞）；第二、善于判定各段的主題句（如前所述：Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct 以及Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago）；第三、瀏覽中總結(jié)全文的主題。而其針對新題型所提出的閱讀策略為：通過文章中“顯性”（如前所述的Nevertheless類路標(biāo)詞）以及“隱性”（如前所述：rock這個詞）標(biāo)志詞去把握文章內(nèi)容和理順邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。

在考研英語真題中這樣的實例比比皆是，也再次證明閱讀的所謂“新題型”，其考查的實質(zhì)與PART A部分的老題型如出一轍。同學(xué)們所要做的，就是做個有心人，把課堂上所講的方法結(jié)合真題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，切實掌握，并在此基礎(chǔ)上舉一反三。畢竟，古語說得好：“有志者，事竟成，破釜沉舟，百二秦關(guān)終屬楚； 苦心人，天不負(fù)，臥薪嘗膽，三千越甲可吞吳�！�