Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes? Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft， accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear， and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion if only they had access to this information.

　　And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS)， in Europe and Japan respectively， pipe data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda， a Japanese carmaker， even combines VICS data with position data from 150，000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road， says David Schrier of ABI Research， a consultancy.

　　Meanwhile ITIS， a British company， is one of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator's network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are “handed off” from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists， but this idea has great potential， says Mr Schrier.

　　Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond， Washington， at the headquarters of Microsoft， employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts， by e-mail or text message， warning them of impending gridlock. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modelling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends， weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft， who developed the system， says it is accurate 75% of the time， and 3，000 employees use it daily.

　　A system called Beat-the-Traffic， developed by Triangle Software of Campbell， California， with funding from the National Science Foundation， goes further. It not only warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec， the firm's boss， thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed， in June， KXTV News 10， a TV station in Sacramento， California， began showing Triangle's traffic forecasts for the coming week.

　　1. To know what is exactly happening on the rods， we don‘t need to

　　[A] dispatch aircraft to spot the traffic.

　　[B] guarantee drivers have access to the information system.

　　[C] obtain related reports of accident.

　　[D] collect data of the positions of buses.

　　2. Honda is mentioned in the second paragraph to suggest that

　　[A] Traffic Message Channel is established in Japan.

　　[B] Japan is in the lead in solving traffic problems.

　　[C] Honda demonstrated how VICS can be used.

　　[D] Only few people can afford to enjoy this service.

　　3. The use of mobile-phone signals in monitoring traffic is

　　[A] monopolized by IT IS， a British company.

　　[B] promising but still under experiment.

　　[C] based on the data from people on roads.

　　[D] effective in reducing traffic speeds.

　　4. JamBayes is deferent from the previously mentioned technologies as it

　　[A] helps the drivers to choose the fastest lane.

　　[B] send information to cars in the system.

　　[C] is based on a technique modeling to combine various data.

　　[D] helps the drivers to avoid congestion.

　　5. It can be inferred from the text that

　　[A] traffic jam remains unavoidable worldwide.

　　[B] traffic forecasts will become as authoritative as the weather forecasts.

　　[C] there is always a short cut by using one of these systems.

　　[D] new systems will improve the transportation situation.

　　參考答案：

　　1. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“為了了解路上正在發(fā)生什么情況，我們不必 ”。題干中的“what is exactly happening on the roads”出自文章第一段第四句話中，表明本題與第一段有關(guān)。第一段介紹了準(zhǔn)確了解路上發(fā)生的情況的條件——興建交通控制中心(這些中心與攝像機(jī)和傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接在一起)、交通巡視飛機(jī)、事故報(bào)道以及配備了衛(wèi)星定位裝置的車輛的明確位置。這說(shuō)明，[A]“派遣飛機(jī)去監(jiān)控交通”，[C]“得到相關(guān)的事故報(bào)告”和[B]“收集車輛位置的信息”是需要的條件。只有[D]“確保司機(jī)可以利用信息系統(tǒng)”是避免堵塞的條件，與題目的要求不符，為正確答案。

　　2. A 結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“在第二段提到本田是為了表示 ”。第二段首先介紹了VICS系統(tǒng)的工作原理，指出，依靠這類系統(tǒng)，司機(jī)可以了解哪里交通堵塞，并盡量避開，隨后提到了本田公司的做法——將VICS信息與15 萬(wàn)臺(tái)車輛的定位信息綜合起來(lái)，以便司機(jī)可以在堵塞的道路上選擇最快的車道。這說(shuō)明，提到本田公司是為了說(shuō)明VICS系統(tǒng)的工作原理。[A]“本田證實(shí)了VICS如何可以得到應(yīng)用”與此意符合，為正確答案。[C]“交通信息頻道已經(jīng)在日本開通”是針對(duì)第二段第二句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，是誤解了in Europe and Japan respectively這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的意思;第二段中并沒(méi)有比較日本和歐洲的系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)越性，所以[B]“在解決交通問(wèn)題方面，日本處于領(lǐng)先地位”與文意不符;[D]“只有很少的人可以享受得起這種服務(wù)”屬于無(wú)中生有。

　　3. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“移動(dòng)電話信號(hào)用來(lái)監(jiān)控交通狀況 ”。題干中的“mobile phone signals”出自文章第三段第一句話中，表明本題與第三段有關(guān)。第三段提到，英國(guó)公司ITIS是少數(shù)幾家試驗(yàn)利用手機(jī)信號(hào)來(lái)了解缺少攝像機(jī)或傳感器的線路交通狀況的公司之一，隨后介紹了其工作原理，指出，這種理念有很大的潛力。這說(shuō)明，這種處于試驗(yàn)階段的做法有前途。[B]“大有前途，但仍處于試驗(yàn)階段”與此意符合，為正確答案。 [A] “由一家叫ITIS的英國(guó)公司所壟斷”明顯與文中“one of several firms experimenting...”的意思不符;[C]“依據(jù)路上行人的信息”與該段最后一句話的意思不符;[D]“在降低交通速度方面有效”是針對(duì)該段“to deduce traffic speeds...”這句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，明顯是誤解了deduce一詞的意思。

　　4. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“‘堵塞貝葉斯’與先前提到的技術(shù)不同，因?yàn)樗?”。題干中的“JamBayes”出自文章第四段第二句話中，表明本題與第四段有關(guān)。第四段提到“堵塞貝葉斯”時(shí)指出，它利用一種名為“貝葉斯模式”的技術(shù)，將實(shí)時(shí)交通數(shù)據(jù)同以前的趨勢(shì)、天氣信息以及一系列像節(jié)假日這樣的特別日期的信息連接起來(lái)。這說(shuō)明，原因是其工作原理不同。[C]“基于一種綜合各種信息的技術(shù)模式”是對(duì)文中相關(guān)信息的概括，為正確答案。選擇最快的車道是VICS的功能，所以[A]“幫助司機(jī)選擇最快的車道”與文意不符;向系統(tǒng)中的車輛發(fā)送信息和幫助司機(jī)避免堵塞這兩點(diǎn)與前面提到的技術(shù)功能相同，所以[B]“向系統(tǒng)中的車輛發(fā)送信息”和[D]“幫助司機(jī)避免堵塞”不是原因。

　　5. D 推論題。本題的問(wèn)題是“根據(jù)本文，可以推知 ”。文章前面的段落提到了幾種避免交通堵塞的技術(shù)，介紹了它們的功能，指出，這些觀念有很大的潛力，系統(tǒng)大多數(shù)時(shí)間都很準(zhǔn)確，并且交通預(yù)報(bào)會(huì)像天氣預(yù)報(bào)一樣普遍。由此可知，交通監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)可能改善交通狀況。[D]“新系統(tǒng)將改善交通狀況”與此意符合，為正確答案。[A]“在全世界，交通堵塞仍然不可避免”明顯與第一段前面兩句話的意思不符;文中只是說(shuō)交通預(yù)報(bào)會(huì)像天氣預(yù)報(bào)一樣普遍，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)有權(quán)威性，所以[B]“交通預(yù)報(bào)將像天氣預(yù)報(bào)一樣有權(quán)威性”與文意不符;[C]“通過(guò)利用這些系統(tǒng)中的一種，總是可以找到捷徑”太絕對(duì)，與文意不符。

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