Part B

　　一、文章體裁結(jié)構(gòu)分析

　　本文為說(shuō)明文。文章開(kāi)始提出用水危機(jī)的現(xiàn)象，分析了造成用水危機(jī)的各種原因，如灌溉系統(tǒng)老化漏水，農(nóng)民由于水價(jià)低浪費(fèi)用水等，最后從不同角度分析了解決方案，如循環(huán)利用水，利用經(jīng)濟(jì)作物產(chǎn)生的效益來(lái)修整灌溉設(shè)備等。

　　二、試題簡(jiǎn)析

　　41.【答案】[F]

　　【簡(jiǎn)析】題目對(duì)應(yīng)信息在第一段最后一句，“The world is facing not so much a food crisis as a water crisis...”。意思是與其說(shuō)世界面臨的是食物危機(jī)不如說(shuō)是用水危機(jī)�！癗ot so much...as...”比較結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……”。因此干擾項(xiàng)[G]要排除。

　　42.【答案】[E]

　　【簡(jiǎn)析】題目對(duì)應(yīng)信息在第二段第五、六句，“But governments rarely charge farmers a market price for water. So they are usually more wasteful than other consumers…”大意是，“政府很少按市場(chǎng)價(jià)向農(nóng)民收水費(fèi)，所以農(nóng)民通常比其他消費(fèi)者更浪費(fèi)水。因此水價(jià)低造成了農(nóng)民浪費(fèi)水多�！备蓴_項(xiàng)[B]中l(wèi)eaking irrigation system漏水的灌溉系統(tǒng)只是表象，根本原因是水價(jià)低。如果水價(jià)高，農(nóng)民為了省錢(qián)也會(huì)想辦法解決這些水浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題的。

　　43.【答案】[A]

　　【簡(jiǎn)析】題目對(duì)應(yīng)信息分別在第四段最后一句和第五段首句，“Investment in drip irrigation...could bring huge savings”意思是“投資滴灌或修復(fù)最嚴(yán)重的漏水會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大的節(jié)水效益”。Farmers in poor countries can usually afford such things only if they are growing cash crops，這句話里的such things就是上一句中相關(guān)的新灌溉設(shè)備和修理費(fèi)用。因此應(yīng)該是種植經(jīng)濟(jì)作物來(lái)補(bǔ)貼這筆改造費(fèi)用。

　　44.【答案】[C]

　　【簡(jiǎn)析】題目對(duì)應(yīng)信息在第五段最后一句，“Likewise, pumping water into natural aquifers for seasonal storage tends to be much cheaper than building a big dam, and prevents the great waste of water through evaporation”大意是“將水抽到自然蓄水層比建水壩便宜得多，并能防止大量蒸發(fā)造成的浪費(fèi)”。因此建水壩效果差是因?yàn)橘M(fèi)用和效率問(wèn)題。

　　45.【答案】[D]

　　【簡(jiǎn)析】題目對(duì)應(yīng)信息在倒數(shù)第二段第二句，“Some have designed algorithms that use satellite data on surface temperatures to calculate the rate at which plants are absorbing and evaporating water”大意是“一些農(nóng)學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)了一些算法，利用地表溫度衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)計(jì)算植物吸收和蒸發(fā)水分的速度”。題干中water use rate of plants“植物對(duì)水的利用速度”就是概括了原文“the rate...evaporating water”“植物吸收和蒸發(fā)水速度”的說(shuō)法。

　　Part C

　　46.【參考譯文】

　　任何廣告的目的都是說(shuō)服客戶，使他們相信按廣告商的推薦來(lái)采取行動(dòng)對(duì)他們最為有利。這個(gè)行動(dòng)可以是購(gòu)買(mǎi)某種產(chǎn)品或使用某種服務(wù)。

　　作為一項(xiàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，廣告業(yè)在美國(guó)發(fā)展得最快，美國(guó)也是將廣告業(yè)運(yùn)用到了極致的國(guó)家。1980年美國(guó)廣告業(yè)的花費(fèi)就已經(jīng)超過(guò)了550億美元，也就是國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值的2%左右。

　　廣告通過(guò)批量銷(xiāo)售為生產(chǎn)廠家節(jié)省開(kāi)支，同時(shí)也使消費(fèi)者受益。節(jié)省下來(lái)的開(kāi)支的一部分讓利給了消費(fèi)者，因此，主要通過(guò)廣告銷(xiāo)售的產(chǎn)品的成本，通常比營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員直接賣(mài)出的產(chǎn)品便宜得多。廣告也能將剛剛上市的產(chǎn)品信息直接傳達(dá)給消費(fèi)者。最后，廣告費(fèi)還用于支付電視和廣播里商業(yè)性節(jié)目的費(fèi)用，以及大約2/3的報(bào)刊出版費(fèi)用。

　　【分句解析】

　　第一段：①是復(fù)合句，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：“The objective…is to convince people…”，that引導(dǎo)的從句作convince的賓語(yǔ)，在這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句the advertiser is recommending修飾名詞action。objective意為“目的”，convince“使……相信”，in one's best interest意思是“為了……的利益”，take action意為“采取行動(dòng)”。②主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)并列不定式短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成：to purchase a product和use a service，第二個(gè)不定式符號(hào)to省略了。

　　第二段：①the country that uses it to the greatest extent是United States的同位語(yǔ)從句。advertising as a business意思是“廣告業(yè)作為一項(xiàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)”，to the greatest extent是一詞組，意為“在最大程度上”。②expenditure的意思是“支出，花費(fèi)”，exceed意為“超過(guò)”，gross national product“國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值”。值得注意的是數(shù)字55 billion應(yīng)該理解成550億，因?yàn)? billion是10億，很容易翻譯錯(cuò)。

　　第三段：①主從復(fù)合句：while引導(dǎo)從句表示“在……的同時(shí)”，economics在該句中不能理解成“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”，而是“經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠”。mass selling“批量銷(xiāo)售”。②主從復(fù)合句：so that引導(dǎo)一結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，該狀語(yǔ)從句中又含有一個(gè)比較從句，框架為“…so that the cost…is usually far less than one…”。one指代product，兩個(gè)“sold(primarily)through…”是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，分別修飾product和one�！皃ass along to…”意為“傳給……”。“far less than…”意為“比……少得多”。③復(fù)合句。其中that have just come on the market“剛剛上市”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾products。immediate應(yīng)該理解成“直接的”而不是“立即的”。immediate news about products“有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的直接信息”。④雖然是一簡(jiǎn)單句，但賓語(yǔ)包含多個(gè)并列成分：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞pays for“支付”接兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)“…pays for the programs…and for about two thirds of the cost…”。on commercial television and radio并列，作programs的定語(yǔ)，“電視廣播里的商業(yè)性節(jié)目”。the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers“出版報(bào)刊的費(fèi)用”。

　　Section III Writing

　　Part A

　　47

　　Dear Jane,

　　I am going to have a dinner party at my house on July 14, 2007 to celebrate my mother’s 60 year- -old birthday.

　　The party will start at seven o’clock in the evening. There will be a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some popular and classical songs at first. At around eight o’clock, we will start our dinner, during which we can talk and laugh together. And then all the friends will take some photos together.

　　I know you have been busy these days, but I do hope you can make it. My family and I look forward to the pleasure of your company.

　　Yours affectionately,

　　Li Ming

　　Part B

　　48. 本題為表格題，比較的是中美大學(xué)生三大經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源的比重。描述部分，針對(duì)這三個(gè)方面，統(tǒng)一按照比例描述。分析部分，可以分析這種差異的原因，如經(jīng)濟(jì)教育方式不同、獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金機(jī)會(huì)和數(shù)量不同等。最后可以提出建議，如建議中國(guó)大學(xué)生經(jīng)濟(jì)上更獨(dú)立、大學(xué)設(shè)立更多獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金等。

　　【參考范文】

　　As is illustrated in the table, the financial sources of the American students differ from those of their Chinese counterparts. 50% of the American students' finance is from their parents, 35% from part-time jobs, and 15% from scholarships. By striking contrast, Chinese students rely heavily on their parents, with only 5% from part-time jobs and another 5% from scholarships.

　　To my best knowledge, several factors can be identified to account for this difference. In the first place, American children start working part-time as early as their childhood, and it comes natural that they partly finance their college education this way. In contrast, Chinese parents tend to offer financial support for their children all along, and their children may have no financial pressure. In the second, American universities and other organizations offer more and higher scholarships than the Chinese ones.

　　To my best understanding, Chinese college students are supposed to be more financially independent, by taking part-time jobs, etc. It is also critical that Chinese colleges raise more funds for scholarship that can cover a wider proportion of students. Only by these measures, can Chinese college students be better prepared for future work and life, financially and psychologically.(196 words)