Text 4
這是出自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人雜志2011年3月11號的一篇文章,題為:
Enemies of progress :The biggest barrier to public- sector reform are the unions
36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that 從第一段能推出什么
[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members. Teamsters依然有大量的會員
[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant. Jimmy Hoffa曾經(jīng)是一名公務(wù)員
[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership. 工會已經(jīng)增加了其公共行業(yè)的會員
[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists。
政府已經(jīng)提升了其同工會會員之間的關(guān)系。
解析:段落推理題 優(yōu)先對應(yīng)主題和轉(zhuǎn)折;但是都沒有,只能逐個排除:
[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members. Teamsters依然有大量的會員
文中沒有提及
[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant. Jimmy Hoffa曾經(jīng)是一名公務(wù)員
he would probably represent civil servant他可能會代表公務(wù)員,并不意味著他是公務(wù)員。
[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership。工會已經(jīng)增加了其公共行業(yè)的會員
only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do。
現(xiàn)在有36%確實(shí)增加了。正解!
[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists。
政府已經(jīng)提升了其同工會會員之間的關(guān)系。
沒有提及政府和工會會員之間的關(guān)系排除。
37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?根據(jù)第二段,下面那個答案是正確的
[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions。
公共行業(yè)的工會在采取行動是會更加謹(jǐn)慎
[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership。
公共行業(yè)的工會會員需要教育
[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions。
工黨同公共行業(yè)的工會長期斗爭
[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions。
公共行業(yè)的工會很少由于他們的行為而惹麻煩。
解析:細(xì)節(jié)題中的which 題,只能一個個排除:
先看[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership。
公共行業(yè)的工會會員需要教育
文中說到了Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree。但是并沒有說需要教育。
再看[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions。
工黨同公共行業(yè)的工會長期斗爭
Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism。
選項(xiàng)和原文間的表述是相反的。
再看[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions。
公共行業(yè)的工會很少由于他們的行為而惹麻煩。
First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences。
首先他們可以罷工而不遭受后果。
同義替換成功。
最后看[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions。
公共行業(yè)的工會在采取行動是會更加謹(jǐn)慎
這是一個很強(qiáng)烈的干擾項(xiàng),但是文中并沒有提到工會很謹(jǐn)慎,原文----選項(xiàng)A----選項(xiàng)B
最后答案只能選A而不能選B;B 為未提及選項(xiàng)。
38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is
從第四段可以推知公共行業(yè)的收入
[A] illegally secured。非法的安全
[B] indirectly augmented。間接的增加了
[C] excessively increased。過度的增加了
[D]fairly adjusted。公平的調(diào)整了
解析:細(xì)節(jié)題 對應(yīng)keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous。保持收入小幅上漲,但是增加假期特別是已經(jīng)很慷慨的補(bǔ)助了。
主要是一個單詞大家不認(rèn)識augmented出題人開始耍無賴了,考研詞匯大綱中并無此單詞,不過根據(jù)另外一個副詞是可以推出答案的。
39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions
威斯康辛州的工會的例子表明工會
[A]often run against the current political system。
通常和現(xiàn)行的政治系統(tǒng)相違背
[B]can change people’s political attitudes。
能夠改變?nèi)藗兊恼螒B(tài)度
[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms。
可能是公共領(lǐng)域改革的障礙
[D]are dominant in the government。
受到政府的主導(dǎo)
解析:例證題 找觀點(diǎn) Reform has been vigorously opposed;之后的例子就應(yīng)該圍繞改革來講。
40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of
John Donahue對于公共行業(yè)系統(tǒng)的他的態(tài)度是:
[A]disapproval。不贊同
[B]appreciation。欣賞
[C]tolerance。容忍
[D]indifference。漠不關(guān)心
解析:局部態(tài)度題,在轉(zhuǎn)折的地方but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America出現(xiàn)bigger problem 表明了態(tài)度為disapproval。.
Part B
41. C 復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)定位法+代詞指代定位法
41題出現(xiàn)在段尾。復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)“The second half of the 20th century”20世紀(jì)后半期,與“the turn of the millennium”千年之交。代詞 “such a device”指代“fabulous machine、typewriter and printing press”等設(shè)備。因此,正確答案為C。
42. D 復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)定位法
42題出現(xiàn)在段中,根據(jù)就近原則,線索為“ a secret war”一場秘密的戰(zhàn)爭。正確答案為D。
43. A 邏輯關(guān)系定位法+復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)定位法+代詞指代定位法
43題出現(xiàn)在文章段尾,前一句中提到superfluous material goods多余的材料,選項(xiàng)A中賓語these superfluous things這些多余的東西,可以在43題前一句中找到所指。前后兩句話形成一個因果的邏輯關(guān)系,用連接詞Of course ,因此正確答案為A。
44. F 代詞指代定位法+復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)定位法
44題出現(xiàn)在段尾,起到承上啟下的作用。第一個復(fù)現(xiàn)點(diǎn)在44題前一句主語a pyramid of production 在選項(xiàng)F中賓語this pyramid of production復(fù)現(xiàn)。第二個復(fù)現(xiàn)點(diǎn)在television 是下一段落的主語,所以F選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
45. G 復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)定位法
45題出現(xiàn)在段尾,起承上啟下的作用。前文提到電視是one-way tap flowing單向流動,而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以reverse the flow 逆轉(zhuǎn)這個流動。the flow的所指one-way tap flowing單向流動。第二個復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)在于啟下,45題下一段為特殊疑問句,中心詞為meaningful uploading有意義的上傳,選項(xiàng)G提及meaningful uploading這一信息,所以,選項(xiàng)G為正確答案。
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