第38題

　　1. 題干分析：

　　Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____.

　　該題為：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在：BF。問的是他的相信。只要找到BF此人，研讀其觀點(diǎn)，便可解題。

　　2.研讀解題：

　　通讀原文，BF的主張出現(xiàn)在第三段第二句，一直到該段落內(nèi)容結(jié)束都是其觀點(diǎn)：Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.

　　結(jié)合文章研讀選項(xiàng)：

　　[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants

　　A選項(xiàng)解讀：加重外來移民的負(fù)擔(dān)。

　　原文中表述如下：Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases即反移民的情緒增加，但是這不是移民的負(fù)擔(dān)，所以與上題的多干擾項(xiàng)一樣，屬于同形不同義，排除。

　　[B]bring out more evils of human nature

　　B選項(xiàng)解讀：使顯示出更多的人性的罪惡。

　　通過對“engthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.”的綜合，可以確定，此選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。

　　“[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms，C選項(xiàng)，推動(dòng)權(quán)力和自由的進(jìn)步”以及“[D]ease conflicts between races and classes，D選項(xiàng)，緩和各個(gè)種族與各個(gè)階級之間的沖突”明顯與原文“stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.”以及“does conflict between races and classes”不符合，所以排除。故，答案為B選項(xiàng)。

　　第39題

　　1. 題干分析：

　　The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.

　　可以翻譯為：對于TVW的研究建議在衰退中的名牌大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生傾向于______。

　　關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于：“TVW”和“elite universities ”。需要知道名牌大學(xué)生在衰退中的情況。

　　2.研讀解題：

　　第39題，“TVW”定位在第四段第二句，“elite universities”定位在同句，所以該句一直到最后都是解題區(qū)域：The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.

　　第39題，結(jié)合文章研讀選項(xiàng)：

　　[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities

　　A選項(xiàng)解讀：由于缺少機(jī)會(huì)而落后于其他人。

　　文章中有“decrease opportunities to cross them”，但是此句，只是在討論前面的核心點(diǎn)“class divides”，而不是有關(guān)于“elite universities”。

　　而“l(fā)eft behind”所在“ it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.”這一句是一個(gè)明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，還原為原句后是：the masses beneath them are left behind. 其中them指代前面的“those with degrees from elite universities”即題干中的名牌大學(xué)生。故該句翻譯成：在名牌大學(xué)之后的大眾們被拋在后面。

　　所以，名牌大學(xué)生沒有因?yàn)闄C(jī)會(huì)少而落后，故屬于同形不同義，排除。

　　[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees

　　B選項(xiàng)解讀：以很快趕上了經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的員工。

　　原文中有：those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times。其“catch up quickly with ”對象是“where they have been”，而非人，所以，排除不選。

　　[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’

　　C選項(xiàng)解讀：和其他人一樣把他們的生活機(jī)會(huì)看的很暗淡。

　　根據(jù)原文，同樣可以知道，他們不會(huì)如同其他人一樣，所以排除。

　　[D]recover more quickly than the others

　　D選項(xiàng)解讀：比其他人回復(fù)的更快速。

　　在原文中的“those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.”說明，第一名牌大學(xué)生會(huì)去到在較好的時(shí)代不能去到的高度，其次他們可以超過其他人，所以，答案為，他們恢復(fù)的更快。

　　第40題,

　　1. 題干分析：

　　The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.

　　該題是作者觀點(diǎn)題。該題可翻譯為：作者認(rèn)為艱難的時(shí)光對于社會(huì)的影響是______。

　　作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題可以從全文來解決，也可以找到相關(guān)的定位點(diǎn)來解決，故不做過多分析。

　　2.研讀解題：

　　第30題，在文章中不好確定，但全文前四個(gè)段落都已出題，唯獨(dú)最后一個(gè)段落沒有出題，根據(jù)出題區(qū)域不重復(fù)的原則(相見同上)，所以研讀選項(xiàng)后，將重點(diǎn)研讀最后一個(gè)段落。

　　[A]certain

　　A選項(xiàng)解讀：確定的。

　　[B]positive

　　B選項(xiàng)解讀：積極地。

　　[C]trivial

　　C選項(xiàng)解讀：瑣碎的。

　　[D]destructive

　　D選項(xiàng)解讀：毀滅的。

　　C選項(xiàng)與D選項(xiàng)，屬于負(fù)面選項(xiàng)，縱觀全文，內(nèi)容較為可觀且積極，所以負(fù)面的選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該排除，其實(shí)這也好理解，就是如果真的是全負(fù)面的影響，美國人民可能就失去活下去的勇氣了……

　　而，很多同學(xué)會(huì)被B選項(xiàng)，積極地，所迷惑，原因是文中提及了很多好一點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容，但是，在文章中的最后一段有原文：We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.

　　所以，答案為A選項(xiàng)，確定的。即作者認(rèn)為是有影響的，但是影響的最終結(jié)果，仍需等待。

　　Part B

　　41. Petrarch出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第二行“In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes.”根據(jù)此句的提示，Petrarch強(qiáng)調(diào)英雄美德。正確答案為A。

　　42.該題可定位于文章第二段第五行“This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head.In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.”由此可知Niccolo Machiavelli的態(tài)度是反對美德作為成功人士的必要成分。根據(jù)此句的提示，正確答案為F。

　　43. 該題可定位于文章第三段第三行“By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores .”Samual Smiles 描寫了工程師們、企業(yè)家們和探險(xiǎn)家們有價(jià)值的生活。根據(jù)此句的提示，正確答案為G。

　　44. Thomas Carlyle出現(xiàn)在文章第四段第二行“These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere morals.”由此得知Thomas Carlyle的觀點(diǎn)在于劃時(shí)代的人物的生活很難模仿。因此，正確答案為C。

　　45.Marx and Engels主張Communist Manifesto共產(chǎn)黨宣言，可定位于第五段第二行，“And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.”歷史應(yīng)該是人民大眾的故事，他們斗爭的記錄。因此，正確答案為E。

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