Part C Translation

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the　17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.

　　During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and　Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific　and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread　these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated　by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of　the heliocentric principle.

　　48. Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.

　　The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.

　　The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase'sapere aude'or 'dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.

　　46.With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.

　　由于文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期教會(huì)的教義和思維方式之間的差距被消除，中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代時(shí)期之間的差距得以彌合，導(dǎo)致了新的和未開發(fā)的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域。

　　47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.

　　每個(gè)啟示出現(xiàn)之前，當(dāng)時(shí)的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式，包括地心說的觀點(diǎn)，該觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為地球是我們宇宙的中心。

　　48. Despite attempts by the Church to sop suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.

　　盡管教堂做出許多嘗試去壓制新一代的邏輯學(xué)家和理性主義者，但是更多對(duì)于宇宙是如何運(yùn)作的探索正在以人們難以忽視的速度進(jìn)行著。

　　49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era.

　　正當(dāng)很多人致力于嘗試把推理和科學(xué)哲理融入到世界時(shí)，文藝復(fù)興結(jié)束了，而此時(shí)一個(gè)新的時(shí)代到來了。

　　50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase's ‘Sapere aude’ or ’dare to know’.

　　這些探索知識(shí)并且理解已知信息的行為可以用拉丁文“Sapere aude”或英文“dare to know”描述。

　　【解析】

　　1. 本句主干為 the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged(中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代時(shí)期之間的差距得以彌合)

　　2. With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance做伴隨狀語，其中being eclipsed是with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分。

　　3. leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。

　　【參考譯文】

　　由于文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期教會(huì)的教義和思維方式之間的差距被消除，中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代時(shí)期之間的差距得以彌合，導(dǎo)致了新的和未開發(fā)的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域。

　　47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.

　　【解析】

　　1. 本句主干為many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking(當(dāng)時(shí)的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式) ，其中 at the time作后置定語修飾many thinkers 。

　　2. Before each of their revelations部分為時(shí)間狀語。

　　3. including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe，分詞作后置定語修飾ways of thinking，其中that后是同位語從句修飾限定view。

　　【參考譯文】在每個(gè)啟示之前，當(dāng)時(shí)的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式，包括地心說的觀點(diǎn)，該觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為地球是我們宇宙的中心。

　　48) Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists，more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer ignore.

　　【解析】

　　1. 本句主干為more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made(更多對(duì)于宇宙是如何運(yùn)作的探索正在進(jìn)行著)，其中for后面是how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

　　2. Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists

　　做方式狀語，其中to suppress...作后置定語修飾attempts

　　3. that people could no longer ignore做定語從句修飾rate。

　　【參考譯文】

　　盡管教堂做出許多嘗試去壓制新一代的邏輯學(xué)家和理性主義者，但是更多對(duì)于宇宙是如何運(yùn)作的探索正在以人們難以忽視的速度進(jìn)行著。

　　49) As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for an Age of Reason.

　　【解析】

　　1. 本句主干為the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era. (文藝復(fù)興結(jié)束了，而此時(shí)一個(gè)新的時(shí)代到來了)，是兩個(gè)并列單句。

　　2. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world為時(shí)間狀語從句，as譯為“當(dāng).......什么時(shí)候”

　　(1) took on the duty，意思為“承擔(dān)責(zé)任”

　　(2) of后是介賓短語作后置定語修飾duty。

　　【參考譯文】

　　正當(dāng)很多人致力于嘗試把推理和科學(xué)哲理融入到世界時(shí)，文藝復(fù)興結(jié)束了，而此時(shí)一個(gè)新的理性時(shí)代到來了。

　　50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase's‘Sapere aude’or‘dare to know’.

　　【解析】

　　1. 本句是一簡(jiǎn)單句，主干的謂語動(dòng)詞是were captured

　　2. to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew 部分是不定式作后置定語，修飾such actions，其中what information we already knew是 understand 的賓語從句。

　　【參考譯文】

　　試圖去尋求知識(shí)和理解我們已有信息這種行動(dòng)由拉丁文詞語 ‘Sapere aude’ 或 ‘dare to know’來描述。

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