第 1 頁:完形填空 |
第 2 頁:閱讀理解 |
第 3 頁:翻譯 |
第 4 頁:作文 |
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21、【答案】C foster a child’s positive feelings
【解析】根據(jù)題干“researchers”, “guilt”, “a good thing”關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句,除此之外,提干中還有關(guān)鍵詞“because”, 判定該題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題中考查因果邏輯關(guān)系的題目,需要在原文中精準(zhǔn)回文定位;原文中第一段最后一段明確出現(xiàn)了“This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt...a good thing.”根據(jù)代詞向前文指代的原則,題干中所問的原因就在上一句,由“Children aren’t born knowing how to say ‘I’m sorry’, rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends----and their own conscience”,其中的“such statements appease parents and friends----and their own conscience”(該品質(zhì)能夠使父母/朋友和孩子自己都感覺更舒適),such statements指代的即為“say sorry”或文章主題詞guilt, 縱觀四個(gè)選型,只有C選項(xiàng)foster a child’s moral development(提高孩子的道德發(fā)展)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)同義替換,故為正確答案。其余選項(xiàng)A.regulate a child’s basic emotions (管理孩子基本情緒)中的regulate原文未提及, B. improve a child’s intellectual ability(改善孩子的智力)中intellectual ability原文未提及,而D.intensify a child’s positive feelings(加強(qiáng)孩子的積極感覺)在原文中未提及,故排除。
22、【答案】B burdensome
【解析】 根據(jù)題干可知這是一個(gè)典型的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息 “paragraph 2, “ many people still consider guild to be”定位到第二段,最終鎖定對(duì)本段第二句話的理解,尤其關(guān)鍵的是對(duì)第二句話中破折號(hào)的理解,“it is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. ” (這種感覺非常不舒服,就像穿著一件石頭做的夾克一樣) , 對(duì)比所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有 B 項(xiàng)“burdensome”(負(fù)擔(dān)沉重的,繁重的)與原文表述一致,故為最佳答案。 A項(xiàng)“deceptive” (欺騙的) C項(xiàng)“addictive”(上癮的) 以及D項(xiàng)“inexcusable” (不可原諒的)均與原文表述不一致,故排除。
23、【答案】D an emotion can play opposing roles
【解析】根據(jù)題干可知這是一個(gè)典型的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息 “Vaish holds that …awareness that.” 定位本文的第二段 “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking …can serve.”但是這句話是他的觀點(diǎn)句,也就是題干信息所在句,本句沒有答案,因此,根據(jù)線性思維,下文他又繼續(xù)補(bǔ)充到“adding that this revival is a psychology researcher…..in another ”(這種復(fù)興是更大的認(rèn)識(shí)的一部分,即情緒不是二元情感,在一個(gè)情境中有利的情緒在另一個(gè)情境中可能是有害的), 對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有 D“an emotion can play opposing roles” (情緒可以起到相反的作用) 為最佳答案。A項(xiàng)“emotions are context-independent”(情緒與語境無關(guān))與原文表述相反。 B 項(xiàng)“emotions are socially constructive”(從社會(huì)角度講,情緒具有積極性) 在文中沒有提及。C項(xiàng)“emotional stability can benefit health”(情緒穩(wěn)定有益與身體健康) 在文中沒有提及,故排除。
24、【答案】B can result from either sympathy or guilt
【解析】根據(jù)題干可知這是一道人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Malti and others have shown 與cooperation and sharing.”回文定位到第四段第三句:“Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.” (馬爾蒂和其他人已經(jīng)表明,內(nèi)疚和同情可能代表了合作和分享的不同途徑。) 對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有B項(xiàng) can result from either sympathy or guilt(要么歸因于同情,要么歸因于內(nèi)疚)與原文表述一致,故為正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)may help correct emotional deficiencies(可能有助于改正情感缺陷)與第四段第二句話… that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency(內(nèi)疚可能會(huì)彌補(bǔ)情感缺陷)不符。C項(xiàng)can bring about emotional satisfaction(能夠帶來情感上的滿足)并未提及。D項(xiàng)may be the outcome of impulsive acts (可能是沖動(dòng)行為的結(jié)果) 與第四段第三句…which can rein in their nastier impulses(這可以控制他們更糟糕的沖動(dòng))因果倒置,故排除。
25、【答案】D wrongdoings
【解析】根據(jù)題干要求定位到第五段第二句話“Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.” 且位于主句的“transgressions”的前面出現(xiàn)to feel negative emotions,情感屬于消極貶義。對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng),D項(xiàng)wrongdoings壞事,不道德的行為,屬于貶義詞,與其情感色彩一致,故為正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)teachings 教導(dǎo),屬于褒義詞。B項(xiàng)discussions 討論,屬于中性詞 。C項(xiàng)restrictions 限制;約束,屬于中性詞,故排除。
Text 2
26.【答案】D forests may become a potential threat
【解析】 根據(jù)題干信息詞定位到首段。第一句引出文章話題“在人類對(duì)抗氣候變化中,森林給我們帶來了一個(gè)更為艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)!钡诙渲赋鋈祟愓谕{到森林吸收二氧化碳的能力。第三句“The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forest that emit more carbon than they absorb.”為本段的主題句,指出我們?nèi)祟愃斐傻臍夂蜃兓瘑栴}最終會(huì)使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳,而不是吸收。即森林可能會(huì)威脅氣候的惡化和人類的生存。故選擇D項(xiàng)“森林可能會(huì)變?yōu)橐粋(gè)潛在威脅。”
27.【答案】D Lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity
【解析】根據(jù)題干要求定位到第二段。該段首句中的前半句there is a way out of this trap對(duì)應(yīng)題干中To maintain forest as valuable “carbon sinks”, 后半句提出具體的解決方法it involves striking a subtle balance(這需要達(dá)到一個(gè)微妙的平衡),但并沒有說這個(gè)平衡是不同植被間的平衡,故不能據(jù)此選[C]strike a balance among different plants。緊接著第二句提到要達(dá)到這一目的可能需要reducing their (forests’) capacity to absorb carbon now(降低他們(森林)現(xiàn)在吸收碳的能力),由此可知正確答案應(yīng)為[D]選項(xiàng)。
28.【答案】B reduce the density of some of its forests
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題做題的技巧是“準(zhǔn)確定位和匹配”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 “Forest Carbon Plan”定位至第三段第一句話。題干中問題是“endeavor to”表示“努力做…”對(duì)應(yīng)文章中 “double efforts to” ,因此答案在這個(gè)短語之后即“thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest”表示的意思是使“森林里部分小樹變稀疏,清理部分灌木”,這與選項(xiàng)C中的“reduce the density of some of its fforests”即“降低森林的密度”一致。因此正確答案選C。
29. 【答案】A To handle the areas inserious danger first
【解析】根據(jù)題目定位到第5段,題目What is essential to California's plan 中的essential可回文定位,對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought的vital,其后的prioritize對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的handle…first,areas at greatest risk對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的the areas in serious danger,故正確選項(xiàng)為A。
30.【答案】C supportive
【解析】 根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“attitude”,可確定是態(tài)度題。做態(tài)度題的核心是把握明顯感情色彩的關(guān)鍵詞,即可快速得出答案。而在文章的最后一段,往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)本文的結(jié)論,容易出現(xiàn)感情色彩的關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句,California's plan, which is ……, should serve as a model (California的計(jì)劃應(yīng)該能夠起到榜樣作用),model是一個(gè)積極色彩的詞匯,所以答案選B supportive 支持的。
Text 3
31、【答案】 [C] Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers
【解析】根據(jù)題干提示詞first two paragraphs可知本題依據(jù)文章前兩段命制,為雙段推理型題目?焖賿咦x可知前兩段大意為:美國針對(duì)外來農(nóng)民所定移民規(guī)則中存在一些問題,并指出如不及時(shí)解決美國商業(yè),社會(huì)以及消費(fèi)者都會(huì)受到影響。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)可直接判斷正確選項(xiàng)為C項(xiàng),其余選項(xiàng)均屬無中生有,直接排除。
32、【答案】[D] the aging of immigrant farm workers
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干中的trouble, U.S. agricultural workforce以及段落序列定位到文中第三段第二句。定位段第三至七句都在論證第二句的內(nèi)容,其中第三句論證的是勞動(dòng)力的來源及其傾向,第四至七句論證的是勞動(dòng)力在變老并指出picking crops is hard on older bodies. 與選項(xiàng)D吻合。選項(xiàng)A中的rising及illegal屬于無中生有,選項(xiàng)B中的high mobility與定位段中的farm labors are more likely to be settled rather than immigrating矛盾,選項(xiàng)C屬無中生有。
33、【答案】 [B] To get native U.S. workers back to farming.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的much-argued solution to the labor shortage定位到第三段最后一句,其中oft-debated對(duì)應(yīng)原文的much-argued,solution對(duì)應(yīng)原文的cure,剩余信息出答案,冒號(hào)解釋了這個(gè)經(jīng)常被談?wù)摰姆椒ǎ好绹緡と瞬粫?huì)重返農(nóng)場(chǎng)。說明本身的解決方法是讓美國本國工人回到農(nóng)場(chǎng),與選項(xiàng)[B]一致。[A]選項(xiàng)attract younger laborers在文章未體現(xiàn),文章只是提到現(xiàn)在的farm laborer在老齡化。[C]選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在文章的第四段,文章只是說在high-value crops上需要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力。在乳牛場(chǎng)機(jī)器人只做了一小部分工作。選項(xiàng)將兩部分雜糅在一起了。[D]選項(xiàng)中financial support在文中未提及,屬于無中生有。
34、【答案】 [A] slow granting procedures
【解析】 因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的具體信息,agricultural employers,complain,about the H-2A visa;匚亩ㄎ坏降诹。根據(jù)具體信息定位到第六段的,Employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need.這句話是抱怨的內(nèi)容,文中問的是原因,緊接著下面一句話,the process is cumbersome,expensive,and unreliable.并且在這句話后面one survey 是例子。根據(jù)例子證明論點(diǎn),下面的例子和前面的the process這句話表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是一致的。同時(shí),在例子中有for的同義詞lead to,導(dǎo)致了arrive on the job 22 days late. Delay,late 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的slow,procedure對(duì)應(yīng)process。所以選A。 B中的limit,原文后面跟著是人數(shù)66,000,偷換概念。C中的request出現(xiàn)在例子中,說的是visa rose sharply。D項(xiàng)文中未提及,無中生有。
35、【答案】B Import Food or Labor?
【解析】主旨題。文章第一段明確指出美國農(nóng)民面臨勞動(dòng)力短缺的問題,而這一問題的根源在于針對(duì)農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人的移民制度。二段和三段分析了移民簽證和移民現(xiàn)狀的沖突。第四段指出機(jī)械化并不能解決該問題。第五和六段分析了現(xiàn)在農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人所依賴的H-2A簽證政策也沒能有助于解決勞動(dòng)力短缺。第七段通過研究調(diào)查再次確定了勞動(dòng)力短缺的問題。最后一段總結(jié)指出解決方案,美國要么進(jìn)口食品,要么進(jìn)口農(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)力。Labor為本文中復(fù)現(xiàn)的主題詞。故正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)中的decline夸大概念。C選項(xiàng)中的saved無中生有,D選項(xiàng)中的Automation斷章取義,且與原文表述相反。
Text 4
36、【答案】A urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
【解析】從題干” some celebrities star in a new video to”定位第一段第3句:“ They’re part of a bunch to celebrities starring in a new video for......to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis. ”意為:“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者減少單一使用塑料制品,與塑料制品危機(jī)抗?fàn)帯,與A 選項(xiàng) “urge consumers to cut the use of plastics”“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者減少塑料袋的使用”含義相符合。
37、【答案】A prevent us from making further efforts
【解析】根據(jù)題干the author is concerned that “crisis licensing”定位到第3段,最后一句:“they could even ...to have done our bit without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---.... a kind of “crisis licensing “ that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge” 意為:“.....他們沒有采取更大,更明顯,更有效的舉措...”與A選項(xiàng)“ prevent us from making further efforts” “妨礙我們進(jìn)一步的舉措”含義相符。
38、【答案】C we should press our governments to lead the combat
【解析】根據(jù)題干...“citizens”, the author indicates that, 定位到第4段,最后半句 rather than as “citizens”hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. 意為:“ 而不是作為”citizens” 去要求政府和工業(yè)去推行真正的系統(tǒng)化的改變。言外之意,就是作者希望政府做出改變?nèi)?yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情形。與C選項(xiàng)中“we should press our governments to lead the combat” “我們應(yīng)該向政府施壓,使之主導(dǎo)這次抗?fàn)帯毕喾稀?/P>
39、【答案】C a top- down process
【解析】根據(jù)題干可知這是一道觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位在第五、六段“Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large number of people is for the change to be structural” 由該段可知,DeSombre認(rèn)為集體性的改變大多數(shù)人行為的最好的方式就是使其變成結(jié)構(gòu)性的。六段進(jìn)一步從人們和政府的角度,闡述了這種結(jié)構(gòu)化的改變,所以選項(xiàng)C a top-down process,自上而下的過程,符合文意。
40、【答案】B are far from sufficient
【解析】根據(jù)題干可知這是一道觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位在最后一段,“None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.”由該段可知,作者認(rèn)為并不是要抹殺個(gè)人,只是換一個(gè)角度去思考問題,我們沒時(shí)間再等待,我們需要能夠形成集體行為的進(jìn)步政策,以及推動(dòng)變革的熱心公民。所以作者強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的努力還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,還需要政策的進(jìn)一步支持,選擇B選項(xiàng),are far from sufficient。
Part B
本篇文章的主題是家長在購置房產(chǎn)時(shí)是否該考慮孩子的意見,然后給出了各方對(duì)此問題的意見。題目要求為準(zhǔn)確將各方意見進(jìn)行選擇概括。
41、【答案】A(remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children)
【解析】題干考察Ryan Hooper的觀點(diǎn),回文定位Ryan Hooper這個(gè)人說的話,一共兩句,很多同學(xué)容易根據(jù)第一句話(第四段)誤選D選項(xiàng)。仔細(xì)觀察D選項(xiàng),原文第四段說的是應(yīng)該給孩子a sense of control and ownership, D選項(xiàng)說的是a sense of involvement,屬于偷換概念,因此排除;再看Ryan Hooper說的第二句話(第5段),根據(jù)第二句話,得出A選項(xiàng)是Ryan Hooper觀點(diǎn)的等價(jià)代換,其中significant moves 對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的significant moves,pose challenges to children就等于原文中的children may face serious difficulties. 故此題選A。
42、【答案】D(thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in.....)
【解析】題干考察Adam Bailey的觀點(diǎn),回文定位Ryan Hooper這個(gè)人說的話在第七段,第八段。其實(shí)這兩句話意思幾乎一致,為同義復(fù)現(xiàn),第七段中的 should feel like they are choosing their home 等同于第八段中的...will make them feel like they are being included in the decision-making process,D選項(xiàng)中的involvement 對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的being included, in homebuying decisions對(duì)應(yīng)原文的in the decision-making process. 故此題選擇D。
43、【答案】C(advises that home purchases should not be based only on......)
【解析】 根據(jù)人名“Tracy Hampson”定位至第十段,“Speaking with your children before you make a decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”這句話中的 wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions是 should not be based only on children’s opinions 的同義改寫。
44、【答案】G(assumes that many children’s views on real estate are .....)
【解析】定位Aaron Norris,在原文第十一段,往前看他的觀點(diǎn)The other issue is that...on HGTV shows句意為很多孩子對(duì)房地產(chǎn)的知識(shí)基于HGTV的節(jié)目,再看下一段(也是Aaron Norris的觀點(diǎn)),HGTV has...changed how people view real estate...首先HGTV shows為G選項(xiàng)中media的同義替換,其次view real estate三詞均可在選項(xiàng)和原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng),最后選項(xiàng)中influenced對(duì)應(yīng)文中的changed,所以正答為G。
45、【答案】F(believes that homebuying decisions should be based on .......)
【解析】本題問的是Julie Gurner的觀點(diǎn)。定位至文章倒數(shù)第二、三段。倒數(shù)三段中說到parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires…在此提出了父母要向孩子說明needs需求以及desires欲望這兩方面,而緊接著倒數(shù)二段中直接又提到their opinions can change tomorrow…能夠確定JG這人對(duì)于opinions持否定態(tài)度正好對(duì)應(yīng)到F選項(xiàng)中的rather than their opinions。因此確定F選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
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