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　　The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $l3.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service， which doesn‘t have any physical product at all。 What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives。

　　Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities， but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through。 Even without knowing what was in the messages， the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be。 What political journalist， what party whip， would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May‘s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns， but the records of which customers have purchased what。

　　Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power。 But it is clumsy。 For one thing， it is very slow compared to the pace of Change within the digital economy。 By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace， to be replaced by new abuses of power。 But there is a deeper conceptual problem， too。 Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don‘t pay for them。 The users of their Services are not their customers。 That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google， the two virtual giants， dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies。

　　The product they‘re selling is data， and we， the users， convert our lives to date for the benefit of the digital giants。 Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed， so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield。 Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboxes。 It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship， even if both sides benefit。

　　31. According to Paragraph 1， Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its 。

　　[A] digital products

　　[B] user information

　　[C] physical assets

　　[D] quality service

　　32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may 。

　　[A] worsen political disputes

　　[B] mess up customer records

　　[C] pose a risk to Facebook users

　　[D] mislead the European commission

　　33. According to the author， competition law 。

　　[A] should sever the new market powers

　　[B] may worsen the economic imbalance

　　[C] should not provide just one legal solution

　　[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market

　　34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because 。

　　[A] they are not defined as customers

　　[B] they are not financially reliable

　　[C] the services are generally digital

　　[D] the services are paid for by advertisers

　　35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate 。

　　[A] a win-win business model between digital giants

　　[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants

　　[C] the benefits provided for digital giants ’customers

　　[D] the relationship between digital giants and their users

　　31、[答案][B] user information

　　[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問：根據(jù)第一段，臉譜收購WhatsApp 應(yīng)用的目的是為了什么，由此定位于文章第一段，本段第一句末說臉譜出巨資購買的應(yīng)用是一種messaging service，就是信息服務(wù)，而緊接著本段最后一句話說明WhatsApp 應(yīng)用提供的這種信息服務(wù)實(shí)際上是一種intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives，復(fù)雜的和極其詳細(xì)的用戶朋友圈和社交生活的方面的信息。答案B正是這句話的同義改寫。

　　32、[答案][C] pose a risk to Facebook users

　　[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities定位于文章第二段。本段中的第二句話指出“即使不知道具體的信息內(nèi)容是什么，知道了信息是誰發(fā)的和信息發(fā)給誰也有可能透露客戶隱私”。也就是說，綁定電話號碼和臉譜身份的做法極有可能泄露客戶隱私，增加客戶的個(gè)人信息風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。答案C正是這句話的概括。

　　33、[答案][D] cannot keep pace with the changing market

　　[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干回文定位到文章第三段，第三句話“it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy。”意為：對比數(shù)碼經(jīng)濟(jì)中變化的速度，它是很緩慢的，cannot keep pace with 是選項(xiàng)中slow的同義替換，因此正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

　　34、[答案][D]the services are paid for by advertisers

　　[解析]因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干回文定位到第三段第六句話，其中it is not obvious是題干can hardly protect的同義替換。后文中指出when the users of these services don’t pay for it， 表明這種情況發(fā)生的原因是這些服務(wù)的用戶沒有付款，而真正付款的是advertisers，因此正確答案為D。

　　35、[答案][D] the relationship between digital giants and their users

　　[解析]觀點(diǎn)例證題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞ants analogy回文定位到最后一段第二句話。而該例子論證的觀點(diǎn)是上一句話，即最后一段的首句，該句指出“他們(Google和Facebook)所銷售的商品是數(shù)據(jù)，而為了這些數(shù)據(jù)巨頭(像Google和Facebook這樣的數(shù)據(jù)信息企業(yè))的利益，作為用戶的我們將生活轉(zhuǎn)向數(shù)據(jù)”，這句話揭示了用戶和數(shù)據(jù)巨頭之間的關(guān)系，通過數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)系在一起。數(shù)據(jù)巨頭銷售數(shù)據(jù)，用戶生活中使用數(shù)據(jù)。因此正確答案為[D]選項(xiàng)，該例子論證了數(shù)據(jù)巨頭和用戶之間的關(guān)系。

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