2010年成考專家指導(dǎo)：英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

　　�？嫉膹�(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it 引導(dǎo)的句子。

　　It is (was) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。

　　典型例題

　　1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.

　　A.　the time　B.　when　 C.　that　　D.　which

　　答案C. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是： It +be +強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that (who) + 主謂句�！�強(qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個(gè)，that和who。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，且為句子的主語時(shí)，才用 "who"，其余用that。

　　2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.

　　A. that　B. when　 C. since　 D. as

　　答案C. 考點(diǎn)是連詞用法。 本題易誤選為A. that. 其實(shí)本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。若是，去掉It　 be… that還應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

　　2009年專升本原題：

　　15. It was at the music hall________we met each other for the first time.

　　A. when B. where C. which D. that

　　1.介詞+關(guān)系詞(常用which,whom,whose)

　　1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

　　2)that前不能有介詞。

　　3)判斷該類題型時(shí)特別注意：所選介詞一定要和從句中出現(xiàn)的動詞(考的最多)或形容詞搭配成短語

　　This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.

　　2.as, which 非限定性定語從句

　　由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

　　3.As 的用法

　　例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。

　　I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

　　He is not the same man as he used to be.

　　例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。

　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

　　As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

　　4.特殊句式(考題中常給出迷惑性的選項(xiàng)anyone或who，除非它們一起出現(xiàn)，否則一定是用Whoever)

　　Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

　　(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

　　5.時(shí)間狀語從句中的when while as

　　1)as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動作的動詞。

　　Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

　　2)當(dāng)從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。

　　When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

　　3)從句表示"隨時(shí)間推移"連詞能用as，不用when 或while。

　　As the day went on, the weather got worse.

　　日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。

　　6.主謂一致(你一定要拿到的一分)

　　a.當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時(shí)，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。

　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

　　He as well as I wants to go boating.

　　b.當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。

　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..

　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

　　c.當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor，　連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。

　　Either you or she is to go.

　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

　　d.在一些短語，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語時(shí)，動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。

　　Many a person has read the novel.　許多人都讀過這本書。

　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來自這個(gè)城市。