課后練習(xí)
用十句作文法完成下列作文題目：
1、Good Health
2、Cleaning Up Our Environment
3、The Youth and the 21st Century
請(qǐng)注意整體提綱和段落模塊。字?jǐn)?shù)200左右。
第三單元 引言段的寫作
一篇短文的引言非常重要，其作用猶如段落的主題句。引言段的寫作取決于寫作目的，讀者和文章體裁。一個(gè)好的引言既可開宗明義地點(diǎn)明主題，又可吸引并暗示讀者正文的內(nèi)容及表達(dá)方法以引導(dǎo)讀者進(jìn)行有效閱讀。請(qǐng)看下面介紹的引言段的寫作方法。
1、演繹法
將主題句放在段首。開門見山推出文章主題，使讀者對(duì)文章將要討論的內(nèi)容一目了然，然后列舉文章所要討論的細(xì)節(jié)。這些細(xì)節(jié)排列決定了文章的正文內(nèi)容的安排，這符合人類從概念到具體的思維方式。
引言段：English is among the most difficult subjects to learn. First, English pronunciation is quite different from that of Chinese. Second, it has a large vocabulary. Finally, idioms are really troublesome. They are usually not grammatical, and even if they are grammatical, we may fail to arrive at their meanings.
2、歸納法
由一般性的背景介紹逐步過渡到文章主題句。這種安排符合人們從具體到概念的思維習(xí)慣，也就是從感性到理性的認(rèn)識(shí)規(guī)律。
引言段：With all the wealth, power, health standard, luxuries of life, and the abundance of food in the United States, it might be surprising to most people that American rank only sixth in the world in longevity of life. There are many reasons for this low record, but the main one has something to do with American’s eating habit.
3、設(shè)問法
即提出問題來引出文章主題，以吸引讀者注意力。
引言段：Are you afraid of high places or water? If so, you suffer from one of the most common phobias, which are strong, persistent, but unreasonable fears. The fear of high places (Acrophobia) and water (Hydrophobia) are only two of the more than seven hundred phobias classified by psychologists.
4、引用名言
即摘錄或引用格言、名句或諺語作為文章開頭。
引言段：The good old proverb, “Rome was not built in a day” reminds us that great things are never done without much time and labor. Roma, the capital of the greatest empire in history and one of the most advanced cities nowadays, indeed was built through the labor of many great men who had strived against difficulties.
5、定義法
當(dāng)所論述的主題的基本概念比較抽象或讀者不太熟悉時(shí)，通常用定義法做必要的解釋說明。
引言段：Intelligence refers to a man’s ability to understand and learn. It may vary from person to person. Some people may become more intelligent while others may be less.
6、數(shù)據(jù)
列舉醒目的數(shù)據(jù)或資料來引起讀者的注意，然后進(jìn)入主題。在圖表作文中常常引用數(shù)據(jù)作為文章的開頭。
引言段：The two graphs show the daily water intake and output which each totals about 2500CC.
課后練習(xí)
按要求寫出下列作文題的引言段：
1、題目：Teenage smoking soars（歸納法）
提綱：A、近年來青少年吸煙人數(shù)劇增。
B、造成這種情況的主要原因是……
C、結(jié)論。
2、題目：The importance of Telephone（演繹法）
Outline：A、Telephone is one of the most common means of communication.
B、There are many advantages of telephone.
C、However, telephone has some disadvantage.
