三、寫作要領(lǐng)
1、審題構(gòu)思，在獲取一個文章題目后，首先根據(jù)題目要求進行思維聯(lián)想，分析題目表達的主要內(nèi)容和主旨。
2、謀篇構(gòu)段，草擬提綱。通過分析題目的內(nèi)容和主旨，將大腦中形成的信息、資料，分類整理，列出寫作提綱、主題句，進行文章段落的籌劃（三段作文法）
3、組段成篇，初步成文。將以上的構(gòu)思內(nèi)容、提綱、相關(guān)主題句，通過句子擴展，初步整理形成一篇草稿文字。
4、加工修改，潤色定稿。對文章草稿修改潤色，以加強文章的說明力及感染力。
請看下面的例子：
DIRECTIONS：
A．Title: Develop Western Regions
B．Time Limit: 50 minutes
C．Word Limit: no less than 200 words (not including the given sentence)
D．Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below
E．Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET
OUTLINE：
1．The significance and importance of developing west regions
2．The cause of its underdevelopment and the present situations
3．The prospects of the West China
成文：
Develop Western Regions
The large scale development of West China is of profound significance. First, it will open a broad development space for central and eastern regions. Besides, it’s critical to China’s overall economic rise. What’s more, it’s the only effective way to decrease the imbalance of economic development in the ease and west so as to revitalize our nation.
There are various reasons why the landlocked west has lagged behind in its economic development. The chief reason, I think, is that the opening up policies enable the east to lure more foreign capital and make a fantastic spur in its development. As a result, it leaves the west far behind in its economic growth. In addition, the west’s unique unfavorable geographic positions greatly limit its development. Therefore, the gaps between the west and the east have been widened since China’s reform. In fact, many regions in the west will still remain comparatively underdeveloped. To illustrate, most of the 30 million poor populations, who still have subsistence problems, live there. Moreover, currently the per capital GDP in West China is only about 60% of national average. And the vast West China makes less contribution to the nation’s development. If left unchanged, the underdevelopment in the west will greatly affect overall prosperity and even social stability.
However, the western region development is a long-term systematic project. It calls for tremendous effort of several generations. To sum up, our chief goal is to build West China with economic prosperity, social progress, political stability and beautiful landscape. Finally, I believe the west will catch up with the east in its economic development in the near future.
（269 Words）
課后練習
列出下列作文題目的提綱：
1、Develop Our Creative Mind
2、Science and Superstition
3、Do Clothes Make a Man?
4、My Favorite Form of Entertainment
5、The Importance of Self-education
第二單元 十句作文法
一、十句作文法基本模式
“十句作文法”是由有關(guān)專家總結(jié)出來的一種高分作文方法，同學在經(jīng)過短期培訓后就可將成績較大幅度提高。因此在這里加以推薦和介紹，掌握好這種方法，對短時間內(nèi)寫出一篇高分作文十分有幫助。
需要指出的是所謂十句作文法并非一定十句，從很多高分作文來分析，句子數(shù)量分布在10句至15句范圍（依句子長短和結(jié)構(gòu)不同而不同）。如以每個句子平均10---15個單詞來計算，便能用10---15個句子完成一篇要求200字左右的作文。
其基本模式為：
第一段（開頭段） 主旨句（句1）、擴展句（句2）
第二段（中間段） 主題句（句3）、擴展句（句4）、擴展句（句5）、擴展句（句6）、擴展句（句7）、擴展句（句8）、小結(jié)句（句9）
第三段（結(jié)尾段） 結(jié)尾句（句10）
EXAMPLE 1
Television
Television presents a vivid world in front of us.(1)(主旨句) Through TV, we can learn what is happening half way across the world. (2)(擴展句)
Television also plays an important educational role in our daily life.(3)(主題句) For one thing, the TV university provides an opportunity for many young men who can not go to formal universities.(4)(擴展句) For another, children can broaden their scope of knowledge by watching such popular programs as “The Animal World”, and “The Mickey Mouse and Duck Donald”.(5)(擴展句) Besides, women can learn about the latest fashion of dresses and the best recipe for making fruit cakes.(6)(擴展句) Furthermore, we learn many world advanced technologies from TV programs such as computer and telecommunication.(7)(擴展句) And also we can learn singing, dancing and doing physical exercises in some special TV training courses.(8)(擴展句) In short, the effect of TV’s educational role is becoming more and more obvious.(9)(小結(jié)句)
Having viewed these several aspects, and with many more TV programs produced, I believe that our life will become even more significant.(10)(總結(jié)句)
（192 Words）
EXAMPLE 2
Changes in People’s Diet
There have been some changes nowadays in the diet of the Chinese.(1)(主旨句) For example, grain, the main food of most people in China, is now playing a less important role, while the consumption of high-nutrition food such as milk, meat has increased.(2)(擴展句)
The changes in diet can be accounted for by a number of factors.(3)(主題句) First, people are much wealthier than before.(4)(擴展句) With a higher income, they can afford to buy good foods which, in the past, were rarely seen on the dinner tables of ordinary families.(5)(擴展句) Another factor is that people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health.(6)(擴展句) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health.(7)(擴展句) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.(8)(擴展句) For all those reasons, what was formerly called “the basket of vegetables” has become that of varied foods.(9)(小結(jié)句)
To sum up, insignificant as those changes may seem, they are the signs of the improved economic condition in China, and we believe that as the effort in the modernization movement continues, there will be greater changes in people’s diet in the future.(10)(總結(jié)句)
(226 Words)
EXAMPLE 3
Computers---Our Electronic Brain
Nowadays computers have been widely used in China.(1)(主旨句) We can easily find all kinds of computers everywhere, especially in large cities.(2)(擴展句) Many Chinese usually call PC computers electronic brains.(3)(擴展句) Computers have become our faithful friends and companions because they can help us so much.(4)(擴展句)
Computers are useful in may ways.(5)(主題句) As we all know, scientists use computers to run experiments, analyze data and solve large equations.(6)(擴展句) Engineers use computers to automatically control complicated industrial production, design circuits and machine parts or even spaceships.(7)(擴展句) Writers and editors use computers to write books, edit newspapers and magazines.(8)(擴展句) And office workers use computers to write manage files, send and receive emails, conduct statistical surveys of all kinds of information, etc.(9)(擴展句) Computers are also widely used at homes.(10)(擴展句) Small kids use it to do homework, to surf internet, and to play games.(11)(擴展句) The list of computer application is really endless, and more new applications are still developing.(12)(段落小結(jié)句)
In short, computers do a variety of jobs from routine office work to research work of science and technology.(13)(總結(jié)句) Though computers do not think intelligently as men, with good software they can carry out missions impossible for human beings.(14)(擴展句) In the information age, without computer, it would be difficult to imagine modern life.(15)(擴展句)
（218 Words）
二、十句作文法句子評析說明
主旨句指的是整篇文章的主題和寫作的“大前提”，一般放在語篇起始處，而且一般都在第一段。舉例如下：
1、The lengthy holidays have caused unexpected great travel craze and brisk economic activities. Holiday spending, however, adds fuel to the Chinese economy, which in turn leads to the creation of a new term “Holiday Economy”. But, Meanwhile, it sparks a hot debate about it.
2、Nowadays, with the rapid development of IT and information industry, cell phones play an important role in townspeople’s life. But, like everything else, they have both favorable and unfavorable aspects.
主題句一般位于句首，表明段落所表述的主要意思，其他句子圍繞它來擴展。舉例如下：
1、However, others point out the constant use of such an electronic dictionaries may cause many problem. First, the definitions in the entries are very limited. In addition, there are not enough explanations, patterns, or examples to illustrate the correct usage of a word. Sometimes, some explanations are so simple that they may cause misunderstanding. Last but not least, the constant use of this study aid can make people too much attached to the dictionary and become lazy, which will lead them to form a passive, lazy attitude towards learning.
2、From primary school to college, students, teachers, parents---all are struggling for high scores. This is because the current education system is not aimed at students’ quality, but only at developing their ability to perform well on the test. As a result, many students, even those with high scores, often do poorly when it comes to the practical application of the knowledge and theories they have learned.
擴展句（包括實例說明句、觀點推導句、過渡句）泛指那些用來解釋和支持主題句的陳述語句。舉例如下：
1、In the first place, an airplane is the fastest means of transport. It takes the time for one to travel from one place to another. Secondly, traveling by air is convenient and comfortable. Moreover, long-distance flights may render busy persons a full self-relaxation.�。▽嵗f明句）
2、Through tourism, China has, on the one hand, had her culture spread to and known by the world. On the other, tourism has increased China’s national income, and at the same time, provided much more employment for our nation. In one word, it has made great contributions to our national development. （觀點推導句）
3、However, some problems have also arisen from tuition and fees for college education. Specifically, some fees have been overcharged by……�。ㄟ^渡句）
結(jié)束句（總結(jié)句）表示語篇寫作所需要的“結(jié)論”，特指一些勸說力強、具有總結(jié)、概括性的語句。舉例如下：
1、In our view, since China opened up in reform, we have had better understanding of the culture, history, and literature of American, and we have learned about a lot of American Presidents.
2、First, the government should lay counter-laws to stop the operation of commercial fishing. Second, it is a world problem, so all the governments must determine to punish people who will fish too much. To conclude, it is clear that the future for fish will be bright with the solution of the problem.
