三、寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)
1、審題構(gòu)思，在獲取一個(gè)文章題目后，首先根據(jù)題目要求進(jìn)行思維聯(lián)想，分析題目表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容和主旨。
2、謀篇構(gòu)段，草擬提綱。通過(guò)分析題目的內(nèi)容和主旨，將大腦中形成的信息、資料，分類(lèi)整理，列出寫(xiě)作提綱、主題句，進(jìn)行文章段落的籌劃（三段作文法）
3、組段成篇，初步成文。將以上的構(gòu)思內(nèi)容、提綱、相關(guān)主題句，通過(guò)句子擴(kuò)展，初步整理形成一篇草稿文字。
4、加工修改，潤(rùn)色定稿。對(duì)文章草稿修改潤(rùn)色，以加強(qiáng)文章的說(shuō)明力及感染力。
請(qǐng)看下面的例子：
DIRECTIONS：
A．Title: Develop Western Regions
B．Time Limit: 50 minutes
C．Word Limit: no less than 200 words (not including the given sentence)
D．Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below
E．Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET
OUTLINE：
1．The significance and importance of developing west regions
2．The cause of its underdevelopment and the present situations
3．The prospects of the West China
成文：
Develop Western Regions
The large scale development of West China is of profound significance. First, it will open a broad development space for central and eastern regions. Besides, it’s critical to China’s overall economic rise. What’s more, it’s the only effective way to decrease the imbalance of economic development in the ease and west so as to revitalize our nation.
There are various reasons why the landlocked west has lagged behind in its economic development. The chief reason, I think, is that the opening up policies enable the east to lure more foreign capital and make a fantastic spur in its development. As a result, it leaves the west far behind in its economic growth. In addition, the west’s unique unfavorable geographic positions greatly limit its development. Therefore, the gaps between the west and the east have been widened since China’s reform. In fact, many regions in the west will still remain comparatively underdeveloped. To illustrate, most of the 30 million poor populations, who still have subsistence problems, live there. Moreover, currently the per capital GDP in West China is only about 60% of national average. And the vast West China makes less contribution to the nation’s development. If left unchanged, the underdevelopment in the west will greatly affect overall prosperity and even social stability.
However, the western region development is a long-term systematic project. It calls for tremendous effort of several generations. To sum up, our chief goal is to build West China with economic prosperity, social progress, political stability and beautiful landscape. Finally, I believe the west will catch up with the east in its economic development in the near future.
（269 Words）
課后練習(xí)
列出下列作文題目的提綱：
1、Develop Our Creative Mind
2、Science and Superstition
3、Do Clothes Make a Man?
4、My Favorite Form of Entertainment
5、The Importance of Self-education
第二單元 十句作文法
一、十句作文法基本模式
“十句作文法”是由有關(guān)專家總結(jié)出來(lái)的一種高分作文方法，同學(xué)在經(jīng)過(guò)短期培訓(xùn)后就可將成績(jī)較大幅度提高。因此在這里加以推薦和介紹，掌握好這種方法，對(duì)短時(shí)間內(nèi)寫(xiě)出一篇高分作文十分有幫助。
需要指出的是所謂十句作文法并非一定十句，從很多高分作文來(lái)分析，句子數(shù)量分布在10句至15句范圍（依句子長(zhǎng)短和結(jié)構(gòu)不同而不同）。如以每個(gè)句子平均10---15個(gè)單詞來(lái)計(jì)算，便能用10---15個(gè)句子完成一篇要求200字左右的作文。
其基本模式為：
第一段（開(kāi)頭段） 主旨句（句1）、擴(kuò)展句（句2）
第二段（中間段） 主題句（句3）、擴(kuò)展句（句4）、擴(kuò)展句（句5）、擴(kuò)展句（句6）、擴(kuò)展句（句7）、擴(kuò)展句（句8）、小結(jié)句（句9）
第三段（結(jié)尾段） 結(jié)尾句（句10）
EXAMPLE 1
Television
Television presents a vivid world in front of us.(1)(主旨句) Through TV, we can learn what is happening half way across the world. (2)(擴(kuò)展句)
Television also plays an important educational role in our daily life.(3)(主題句) For one thing, the TV university provides an opportunity for many young men who can not go to formal universities.(4)(擴(kuò)展句) For another, children can broaden their scope of knowledge by watching such popular programs as “The Animal World”, and “The Mickey Mouse and Duck Donald”.(5)(擴(kuò)展句) Besides, women can learn about the latest fashion of dresses and the best recipe for making fruit cakes.(6)(擴(kuò)展句) Furthermore, we learn many world advanced technologies from TV programs such as computer and telecommunication.(7)(擴(kuò)展句) And also we can learn singing, dancing and doing physical exercises in some special TV training courses.(8)(擴(kuò)展句) In short, the effect of TV’s educational role is becoming more and more obvious.(9)(小結(jié)句)
Having viewed these several aspects, and with many more TV programs produced, I believe that our life will become even more significant.(10)(總結(jié)句)
（192 Words）
EXAMPLE 2
Changes in People’s Diet
There have been some changes nowadays in the diet of the Chinese.(1)(主旨句) For example, grain, the main food of most people in China, is now playing a less important role, while the consumption of high-nutrition food such as milk, meat has increased.(2)(擴(kuò)展句)
The changes in diet can be accounted for by a number of factors.(3)(主題句) First, people are much wealthier than before.(4)(擴(kuò)展句) With a higher income, they can afford to buy good foods which, in the past, were rarely seen on the dinner tables of ordinary families.(5)(擴(kuò)展句) Another factor is that people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health.(6)(擴(kuò)展句) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health.(7)(擴(kuò)展句) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.(8)(擴(kuò)展句) For all those reasons, what was formerly called “the basket of vegetables” has become that of varied foods.(9)(小結(jié)句)
To sum up, insignificant as those changes may seem, they are the signs of the improved economic condition in China, and we believe that as the effort in the modernization movement continues, there will be greater changes in people’s diet in the future.(10)(總結(jié)句)
(226 Words)
EXAMPLE 3
Computers---Our Electronic Brain
Nowadays computers have been widely used in China.(1)(主旨句) We can easily find all kinds of computers everywhere, especially in large cities.(2)(擴(kuò)展句) Many Chinese usually call PC computers electronic brains.(3)(擴(kuò)展句) Computers have become our faithful friends and companions because they can help us so much.(4)(擴(kuò)展句)
Computers are useful in may ways.(5)(主題句) As we all know, scientists use computers to run experiments, analyze data and solve large equations.(6)(擴(kuò)展句) Engineers use computers to automatically control complicated industrial production, design circuits and machine parts or even spaceships.(7)(擴(kuò)展句) Writers and editors use computers to write books, edit newspapers and magazines.(8)(擴(kuò)展句) And office workers use computers to write manage files, send and receive emails, conduct statistical surveys of all kinds of information, etc.(9)(擴(kuò)展句) Computers are also widely used at homes.(10)(擴(kuò)展句) Small kids use it to do homework, to surf internet, and to play games.(11)(擴(kuò)展句) The list of computer application is really endless, and more new applications are still developing.(12)(段落小結(jié)句)
In short, computers do a variety of jobs from routine office work to research work of science and technology.(13)(總結(jié)句) Though computers do not think intelligently as men, with good software they can carry out missions impossible for human beings.(14)(擴(kuò)展句) In the information age, without computer, it would be difficult to imagine modern life.(15)(擴(kuò)展句)
（218 Words）
二、十句作文法句子評(píng)析說(shuō)明
主旨句指的是整篇文章的主題和寫(xiě)作的“大前提”，一般放在語(yǔ)篇起始處，而且一般都在第一段。舉例如下：
1、The lengthy holidays have caused unexpected great travel craze and brisk economic activities. Holiday spending, however, adds fuel to the Chinese economy, which in turn leads to the creation of a new term “Holiday Economy”. But, Meanwhile, it sparks a hot debate about it.
2、Nowadays, with the rapid development of IT and information industry, cell phones play an important role in townspeople’s life. But, like everything else, they have both favorable and unfavorable aspects.
主題句一般位于句首，表明段落所表述的主要意思，其他句子圍繞它來(lái)擴(kuò)展。舉例如下：
1、However, others point out the constant use of such an electronic dictionaries may cause many problem. First, the definitions in the entries are very limited. In addition, there are not enough explanations, patterns, or examples to illustrate the correct usage of a word. Sometimes, some explanations are so simple that they may cause misunderstanding. Last but not least, the constant use of this study aid can make people too much attached to the dictionary and become lazy, which will lead them to form a passive, lazy attitude towards learning.
2、From primary school to college, students, teachers, parents---all are struggling for high scores. This is because the current education system is not aimed at students’ quality, but only at developing their ability to perform well on the test. As a result, many students, even those with high scores, often do poorly when it comes to the practical application of the knowledge and theories they have learned.
擴(kuò)展句（包括實(shí)例說(shuō)明句、觀點(diǎn)推導(dǎo)句、過(guò)渡句）泛指那些用來(lái)解釋和支持主題句的陳述語(yǔ)句。舉例如下：
1、In the first place, an airplane is the fastest means of transport. It takes the time for one to travel from one place to another. Secondly, traveling by air is convenient and comfortable. Moreover, long-distance flights may render busy persons a full self-relaxation.�。▽�(shí)例說(shuō)明句）
2、Through tourism, China has, on the one hand, had her culture spread to and known by the world. On the other, tourism has increased China’s national income, and at the same time, provided much more employment for our nation. In one word, it has made great contributions to our national development.�。ㄓ^點(diǎn)推導(dǎo)句）
3、However, some problems have also arisen from tuition and fees for college education. Specifically, some fees have been overcharged by……�。ㄟ^(guò)渡句）
結(jié)束句（總結(jié)句）表示語(yǔ)篇寫(xiě)作所需要的“結(jié)論”，特指一些勸說(shuō)力強(qiáng)、具有總結(jié)、概括性的語(yǔ)句。舉例如下：
1、In our view, since China opened up in reform, we have had better understanding of the culture, history, and literature of American, and we have learned about a lot of American Presidents.
2、First, the government should lay counter-laws to stop the operation of commercial fishing. Second, it is a world problem, so all the governments must determine to punish people who will fish too much. To conclude, it is clear that the future for fish will be bright with the solution of the problem.
