四六級寫作"天龍八部"：考生作文樣卷點評

　　這是一個技術(shù)性的問題。有了好的思想，寫出了沒有語法錯誤的句子，是否意味著就是一篇好作文呢？恐怕未必。古人做文章講究“起承轉(zhuǎn)合”，英語作文也同樣要注意句與句、段與段之間的過渡和粘連，只有那樣才能使文章成為一個和諧的有機統(tǒng)一的整體。提高文章的連貫性，常用的方法有使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)、重復(fù)單詞或詞組、用代詞代替前文中的句子、保持名詞/代詞的數(shù)的一致和動詞的時態(tài)的一致等等。注意下面這段文章中作者是如何綜合運用這些手段的：

　　Americans are queer people: they can’t play. Americans rush to work as soon as they grow up. They want their work as soon as they wake. It is a stimulant—the only one they are not afraid of. They used to open their offices at ten o’clock; then at nine; then at eight; then at seven. Now they never shut them. Every business in America is turning into an open-all-day-and-night business. They eat all night, dance all night, make noise all night. They can’t play. They try to, but can’t. They turn football into a fight, baseball into a lawsuit, and yachting into machinery. They can’t play. The little children can’t play; they use mechanical toys instead—toy cranes, hoisting toy loads, toy machinery spreading a toy industrial depression of infantile dullness. The grownup people can’t play; they use a mechanical gymnasium and a clockwork horse. They can’t laugh; they hire a comedian and watch him laugh.

　　另一種做法是使用表示各種關(guān)系的承接詞，下面列出一些常用的連接詞和短語供大家參考，希望大家在平時的練習(xí)中有效地運用。

　　(1)空間段落展開

　　above before me before on the left

　　across from belowin the distance on the right

　　adjacent to beyondnearby opposite to

　　also further next to on top of

　　up downclose to beneath

　　under around near to over

　　(2)時間段落展開

　　first, second, etc.sooneventually

　　in the meantimethenuntil

　　at the same time nextthereafter

　　after a whilenow after

　　presentlylaterafterward

　　somewhat laterfinally at last

　　(3)分析段落展開

　　first, second, etc.nowfor this purpose

　　but as a resultfurthermore

　　finally at last moreover

　　also consequentlylikewise

　　anotherfor examplenext

　　yet for instanceon the contrary

　　once in additionin summary

　　such in this caseon the other hand

　　then otherwisein conclusion

　　thusto sum up therefore

　　(4)比較段落展開

　　another`furthermoremoreover

　　equally importanttoo, alsoat the same time

　　besidesthenaccordingly

　　in factin addition to like, likewise

　　similarlyjust as…so in much the same way

　　(5)對比段落展開

　　on the contrary different from / in contrast

　　on the other handin spite of / despite

　　yet, butwhereas

　　unlikenevertheless

　　not only…but alsohere…there

　　years ago…todaythis…that

　　the former…the latterthen…now

　　the first…whereas the secondsome…others

　　on the one hand…on the other once…now