2013年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改錯(cuò)模擬試題4

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　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤

　　在英語(yǔ)中按句型來(lái)說(shuō)可以分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句四種，從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)說(shuō)又可以分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句三種。句子的結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤是構(gòu)成句子完整結(jié)構(gòu)的某一成分用錯(cuò)或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的錯(cuò)誤類型。由于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上表現(xiàn)得十分明顯，主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu)在數(shù)、格、人稱上的一致、連接手段的正確使用以及詞序安排等，都與漢語(yǔ)有著相當(dāng)大的差異，因此在改錯(cuò)中也是一大難點(diǎn)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤類型包括：句子類型使用錯(cuò)誤、句子成分短缺、平行結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤以及詞組搭配使用錯(cuò)誤。

　　例 1

　　Computer analyzed marketing reports can help

　　deciding which products to emphasize now, which

　　to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________

　　本句中三個(gè)平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 結(jié)構(gòu)模式應(yīng)該一致，均采用不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因而 to be dropped 應(yīng)改為 to drop .

　　例 2

　　When we consider the comfortable circumstances

　　of a working family today, the life of the workingman

　　in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had

　　been ever hard. 1.__________

　　根據(jù)上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句顯然是將 1882 年以前的生活與 1882 年時(shí)的生活作比較，所以此處 hard 應(yīng)該改為 harder .

　　例 3

　　At the beginning of the nineteenth century working

　　hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful,

　　and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________

　　在該句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三個(gè)小分句為并列結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，因此必須保持成分和結(jié)構(gòu)上的一致性，故應(yīng)該將 being 改為 were .

　　例 4

　　However, a second person thought that this was

　　more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________

　　manners.

　　“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“與其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思;沒(méi)有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故應(yīng)該將 as 改為 than .

　　練習(xí)題

　　1 On the contrary, the intimate atmosphere of the

　　small college allows the student four years of structural

　　living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. 1.__________

　　2 In making his choice among educational institutions

　　the student must, therefore, consider a great many factors.

　　Going to school is part of the socialization process,

　　and so going to the movies. 2.__________

　　3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the

　　eastern horizon. But somehow after breakfast it hid

　　itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was 3.__________

　　apparent.

　　4 But luckily, no sooner had we entered the car when it 4.__________

　　suddenly began to rain.

　　5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that 5.__________

　　among the 40 people there are only two women.

　　6 Women members are so less than members that we 6.__________

　　again think of the outdated prejudice that women are

　　inferior in intelligence.

　　7 The best way to avoid using dictionaries when you

　　are reading English books is to try to remember many 7.__________

　　words as you can.

　　8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen 8.__________

　　on my way to work.

　　9 It is in the cinema not on the street where he lost his 9.__________

　　wallet which contained $ 1,000 in it.

　　10 In the future passengers ships will be built to travel

　　undersea, and special underwater ships will be designed

　　for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas. 10.__________

　　答案解析：preparing→prepare.屬于平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤。在并列連詞and前后顯然要有形式一致的動(dòng)詞，但前面沒(méi)有與preparing呼應(yīng)的現(xiàn)在分詞(注：同行中的living是in which中which的先行詞，故一定是名詞，而不是現(xiàn)在分詞——這是詞形表面上的干擾)，故只能改動(dòng)preparing使之與前面的動(dòng)詞不定式expect一致，這里也有考生將preparing改為prepares，用意是與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞allows一致，但要注意，句中不定式expect是及物動(dòng)詞，它的賓語(yǔ)是“the real world”，必須與prepare for共享。

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