2009年12月大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)考試語法精要(七)

　　4. 平行結(jié)構(gòu)

　　在英語中，當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的同等成分(主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語，賓語補(bǔ)足語等)并列時(shí)，要求它們的詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)相同，即名詞對(duì)名詞，介詞短語對(duì)介詞短語，分詞對(duì)分詞，句子對(duì)句子等等。這就是英語的平行結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)則。一般在使用并列連詞如and, but, or, neither … nor, either … or, not only .. but also, both … and, more(less) … than, as well as，rather… than等時(shí)，要注意不要違反平行結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)則。

　　He likes watching TV more than reading books.

　　The soldier preferred to die rather than surrender.

　　We saw Tom walking towards the river, taking off his clothes and plunging into the water.

　　Censorship prevents a movie from being shown or a book being sold.

　　5. 反意疑問句

　　在具體運(yùn)用反意疑問句時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1) 如果陳述句部分是一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)雜句，則反意疑問部分的謂語動(dòng)詞和主語代詞要與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞和主語相對(duì)應(yīng)。

　　He never said she would come, did he?

　　You told me I had passed the exam, didn’t you?

　　但是如果陳述句部分是 “I (don’t) think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, fancy, reckon等+賓語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問部分的謂語動(dòng)詞和主語代詞要與賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞和主語相對(duì)應(yīng)，并且要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。