2009年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法精要(五)

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　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　1. 表示現(xiàn)在/過去/將來情況的虛擬條件句

　　虛擬條件句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　1)　表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反：主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”，從句謂語(yǔ)用“動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)”(動(dòng)詞be的過去式一律用were)。

　　If I were you, I would not accept his offer.

　　If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.

　　2) 表示與過去情況相反：主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might + have +過去分詞”，從句謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)。

　　If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.

　　If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.

　　3) 表示與將來情況相反：主句謂語(yǔ)用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”，從句謂語(yǔ)用“were +動(dòng)詞不定式”或“should +動(dòng)詞原形”。

　　If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.

　　If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.

　　2. 虛擬條件句連接詞if的省略

　　如果虛擬條件句的從句中含有were, had, should, could等詞時(shí)，可以省略連接詞if，但這時(shí)必須把were, had, should, could等詞移到主語(yǔ)前面，形成倒裝。這種句型主要用于書面形式。

　　Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.

　　Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.

　　Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

　　3. wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成

　　動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有以下三種構(gòu)成形式。

　　1) 表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。(be的過去式為were)。

　　I wish I had enough money to buy a car.

　　I wish I were as young and energetic as you.