2009年12月大學(xué)英語四六級考試語法精要(五)

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　　虛擬語氣

　　1. 表示現(xiàn)在/過去/將來情況的虛擬條件句

　　虛擬條件句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　1)　表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反：主句謂語用“would / could / might +動詞原形”，從句謂語用“動詞的一般過去時”(動詞be的過去式一律用were)。

　　If I were you, I would not accept his offer.

　　If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.

　　2) 表示與過去情況相反：主句謂語用“would / could / might + have +過去分詞”，從句謂語用過去完成時。

　　If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.

　　If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.

　　3) 表示與將來情況相反：主句謂語用“would / could / might +動詞原形”，從句謂語用“were +動詞不定式”或“should +動詞原形”。

　　If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.

　　If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.

　　2. 虛擬條件句連接詞if的省略

　　如果虛擬條件句的從句中含有were, had, should, could等詞時，可以省略連接詞if，但這時必須把were, had, should, could等詞移到主語前面，形成倒裝。這種句型主要用于書面形式。

　　Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.

　　Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.

　　Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

　　3. wish后賓語從句中的謂語構(gòu)成

　　動詞wish后的賓語從句表示未實現(xiàn)的或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，其賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，有以下三種構(gòu)成形式。

　　1) 表示現(xiàn)在不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時。(be的過去式為were)。

　　I wish I had enough money to buy a car.

　　I wish I were as young and energetic as you.