2013年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)語法指導(dǎo)(2)

　　短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞。

　　非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語)

　　句子的主語決定非謂語動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。

　　1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

　　A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

　　perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

　　to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

　　一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：

　　第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

　　這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。

　　注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。

　　forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

　　remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

　　2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

　　A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

　　offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

　　him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

　　動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動(dòng)名詞。

　　形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

　　第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

　　例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

　　A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

　　感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

　　be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

　　give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈(zèng)送禮品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。

　　注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。

　　例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

　　A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

　　第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

　　例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺(tái)]

　　A making B to make C to have made D having made

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