點(diǎn)擊查看：2015年6月英語四級選詞填空練習(xí)及參考譯文匯總

　　Section A

　　Directions：In this section。thereis a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list ofchoices given in a word bankfollowing the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 36 to 45 are based on thefollowingpassage.

　　“THINKING is hard，”(36)__________Daniel Dennet，a professor of philosophy at Tufts University.“Thinking about some problems is so hard that it can make your head ache just thinking about thinking about them.”He has spent hA.f a century pondering some of the knottiest problems around：the nature of meaning，the(37)__________of minds and whether freewill is possible.His latest book，Intuition Pumps(直覺泵)and Other Tools for Thinking，is a precis of those 50 years，distilled into 77(38)__________ and mostly bite-sized chapters.

　　“Intuiuon pumps”are what Mr Dennet calls thought experiments that aim to get at the rub of concepts.But the aim of this book is not(39)__________to show how the pumps work,but to(40)__________them to help readers think through some of the most profound conundrums.

　　This pump which Mr Dennet calls a“cascade of homunculi(級聯(lián)侏儒)”，was(41)__________by the field of artificial Intelligence,An programmer begins by taking a problem a computer is meant to solve and breaking it down into smaller tasks，to be dealt with by particular(42)__________.These，in turn，are(43)__________ of sub.subsystems，and so on.In this way,we are in depth of thinking profound problems.

　　Of course，Mr Dennet’s book is not a(44)__________solution to such mind-benders;it is philosophy in action.Like all good philosophy,it works by getting the reader to examine deeply held but(45)__________ beliefs about some of our most fundamental concems，like personal autonomy.It is really not all easy read.

　　A.consist

　　B.actually

　　C.nature

　　D.concedes

　　E.inspired

　　F.definable

　　G.composed

　　H.readable

　　I.substance

　　J.merely

　　K.unspoken

　　L.apply

　　M.suppose

　　N.subsystem

　　O.definitive

　　塔夫斯大學(xué)的一名哲學(xué)教授丹尼爾•丹尼特(36)承認(rèn)：“思考是困難的，某些問題的思考之難，幾乎到了只要一想這些問題就會(huì)頭疼的地步。在過去半個(gè)世紀(jì)里，他一直在沉思那些最耐人尋味的問題：意義的本質(zhì)，思想的(37)實(shí)質(zhì)以及自由意志的可行性等。最近，他的力作《思考的工具：直覺泵及其他》新鮮出爐，由77篇既(38)有可讀性又短小精悍的文章組成，是他五十多年來思考之濃縮，覃思之精華。

　　“直覺泵”是丹尼特用來稱呼思想實(shí)驗(yàn)的術(shù)語。所謂思想實(shí)驗(yàn)就是一種意在探究概念內(nèi)核的實(shí)驗(yàn)。本書的目的(39)不僅僅在于展示“直覺泵”的工作流程，更重要的是通過(40)運(yùn)用“直覺泵”，幫助讀者去揣摩那些最值得考慮的難題。

　　丹內(nèi)特把這種泵稱為“級聯(lián)侏儒”，其(41)靈感來自于人工智能領(lǐng)域。當(dāng)一名程序員接受了一項(xiàng)有待計(jì)算機(jī)解決的任務(wù)時(shí)，他首先會(huì)把這項(xiàng)任務(wù)分解為一些更小的任務(wù)，然后把這些任務(wù)交給一些特定的(42)子系統(tǒng)去解決，而這些子系統(tǒng)又是由更小的子子系統(tǒng)(43)組成的，以此類推。只有這樣，這些問題才能得以深思。

　　當(dāng)然，丹內(nèi)特的書并不是這些令人迷惑的問題的(44)終極答案。相反的，是對此類問題的終極思考。如同所有終極思考一樣，該書通過讓讀者對那些深藏于我們內(nèi)心卻又(45)無法言說的信念進(jìn)行檢討，從而達(dá)到自己的目的。它確實(shí)不是一本易讀懂的書。

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