專家解析大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試歷年閱讀真題(十二)

　　22. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.

　　A) was discouraged

　　B) was enforced by law

　　C) was prohibited by law

　　D) was introduced(B)

　　23. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?

　　A) By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.

　　B) By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.

　　C) By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.

　　D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.(D)

　　24. The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.

　　A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected

　　B) lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with

　　C) lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US

　　D) the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions(A)

　　25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.

　　A) are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution

　　B) feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline

　　C) still consider lead pollution a problem

　　D) lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution(C)

　　這是一篇典型報(bào)刊寫法的文章，文章開頭首先點(diǎn)出全篇論述的主題，把核心思想和關(guān)鍵信息和盤托出。第一段提供的信息主要有兩點(diǎn)，一是六七十年代的鉛沉積的主要源頭是美國(primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States)，二是無鉛汽油在美國推廣后，全球范圍內(nèi)的鉛沉積減少幅度很大(the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly)。以后段落的內(nèi)容全部圍繞這兩個(gè)信息點(diǎn)展開說明。

　　第二段是對(duì)第一段所提供的兩點(diǎn)信息進(jìn)行具體地解釋，其中包括信息來源(第一個(gè)信息源于《自然》雜志)，研究機(jī)構(gòu)(National Center for Scientific Research in France)，研究者(Dr. Charles Boutron)，以及信息細(xì)節(jié)(研究對(duì)象是格陵蘭的雪);第二個(gè)信息源于Boutron于1991年發(fā)表的另一項(xiàng)研究成果。

　　第三段是對(duì)第一個(gè)信息的說明，指出之所以把格陵蘭的雪中沉積的鉛歸因于美國的含鉛汽油，是因?yàn)槊绹�與其他地區(qū)所使用的汽油成分比率不同，這里的雪中鉛的比率大部分符合美國汽油特點(diǎn)。

　　接下來的三個(gè)段落是對(duì)第二個(gè)信息的說明。首先是信息來源(《Ambio》雜志)和信息內(nèi)容(lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline)，其次是研究結(jié)果發(fā)表之前許多科學(xué)家們的設(shè)想(Many scientists had believed that……)，最后是研究主要過程(examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania)。

　　最后一段總結(jié)了這兩項(xiàng)研究成果的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，指出其不應(yīng)成為對(duì)污染不加控制的理由(should not be used as a license to pollute)。

　　Passage Four

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

　　Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “l(fā)ight” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.

　　In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts: for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜餅). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,” says York Onnen, program director of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.