3、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在準(zhǔn)確地判斷了該句與哪一事實相反后,按虛擬語氣的后退一步法處理從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)。即:在非真實條件狀語從句中,謂語動詞按正常情況“后退一步”。也就是:
、倥c過去事實相反,在從句中用過去完成時形式表示。
、谂c現(xiàn)在事實相反,在從句中用過去一般時形式表示。
、叟c將來事實可能相反,在從句中用過去將來時形式表示。
主句中則用情態(tài)動詞would, should, could 等加一個與從句一致的動詞形式。例:
、、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
、、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
、、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.
4、注意事項
①if條件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒裝語序。
、谠诂F(xiàn)代英語中if條件狀與從句中的謂語動詞如果是be其過去形式一般用were。
二、虛擬語氣在if 引導(dǎo)的條件句中的用法:
(一)、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:
從句:if + 主語+ 動詞的過去式(be 用were) + ……
主句:主語+ would (should, could , might) + 動詞原形+ ……
例:
1.If I were you, I would go with him.
2.If the weather were fine, I would go there.
如果天氣好,我去那兒。(事實天氣不好)
3.If I were you, I would read it again.
如果我是你的話,我再讀一遍。(事實上我不是你)
4.If time permitted, I would write it again.
如果時間允許的話,我再寫一遍。(事實上時間不允許)
5.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.
要是現(xiàn)在不下雪的話,我們就不會待在屋里。(事實上現(xiàn)在下雪)
6.What would I do if I were in your place?
要是我處于你地位我會怎么辦?(事實上我不在你的位置上)
7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus.
他要是快點能夠趕上頭班公共汽車。(可是他不著急)
8.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.
如果沒有你們的幫助,我們就會陷入困境。(而事實上得到了你們的幫助)
9.If we had the manpower, we could open up even more land.
如果有人力,我們還能開更多的荒地.
10. If I were you, I would go with him.
(從句If I were you, 主句I would go with him.)
11. If I were you, I should buy it.
(從句用過去式動詞were,主句用動詞原形buy)
12. If I had time, I would study French.
(如果有時間,我會學(xué)習(xí)法文。)(從句用過去式動詞had,主句用動詞原形study)
13. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.
(如果她懂英文,她就不必要我?guī)土恕?(從句用過去式動詞knew, 主句用動詞原形ask)
注意:如果動作在進(jìn)行中,主句要用:"主語+ would be + 進(jìn)行式動詞+ ……"
14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.
(從句用過去式動詞were, 主句用would be speaking)
(二)、表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:
從句:If + 主語+ had +過去完成式動詞+ ……
主句:主語+ would (should, could, might) + have +過去完成式動詞+……
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