名師：英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作題型分析及范文

　　根據(jù)教育部頒布的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱的要求，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試的命題形式有以下幾種：首尾句作文、提綱作文、圖表作文、命題作文、書(shū)信體作文等。

　　第一節(jié)首尾句作文

　　首尾句作文是根據(jù)段首(尾)句續(xù)寫(xiě)短文。段首句作文也稱(chēng)主題句作文，因?yàn)樽魑念}中所給的段首句往往是段落主題句。其特點(diǎn)是以題目為中心，一般情況下將文章分為三個(gè)段落，每段首句即為該段的主題句(topic sentences)�？忌�要按主題句的要求組織材料，提出論據(jù)，用一些輔助句(supporting sentences)來(lái)支持或說(shuō)明主題句，寫(xiě)英文段首句作文要注意：所寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容要緊扣主題，輔助句應(yīng)圍繞段首句續(xù)寫(xiě)。保證段內(nèi)每個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容與段首句緊密展開(kāi)各個(gè)段落，如：例證、因果、定義、比較對(duì)比、程序等。要注意句與句之間，特別是段首句與輔助句之間的自然銜接。另外，所給的段首句有時(shí)是一個(gè)完整的句子，有時(shí)不是一個(gè)完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，這就要求考生一定要審好題。找出其中表示中心思想的關(guān)鍵詞，圍繞這些關(guān)鍵詞去擴(kuò)展、描述或說(shuō)明。

　　[例1]Directions :For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph; your part of the composition should be about 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.

　　[范文]

　　Women in the Modern World

　　Women are playing an increasingly important role in society. Successful women who are government officials,writers, scientists,doctors and teachers can be found everywhere. It is true that many jobs that once were dominated by men can be done well by women.

　　With the changes in their social role,women�餾 position in the family has been improved as well.The husband is no longer the only bread maker in the family and the wife no longer lives on others.They share comforts and hardships with each other.

　　In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Women still face many difficulties and obstacles due to traditional roles and limited economic strength.Women still have a long way to go in their struggle for complete equality with men.

　　第一段首句是講婦女在社會(huì)上的作用，因而續(xù)寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容緊緊圍繞婦女的社會(huì)作用，比如，婦女可以是政府機(jī)關(guān)的工作人員、科學(xué)家、教師等;第二句的段首句是關(guān)于婦女在家庭中的地位也提高了，續(xù)寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容也是有關(guān)夫妻患難與共;第三句的段首句是講婦女解放仍然任重而道遠(yuǎn)，續(xù)寫(xiě)的部分提出了婦女所面臨的問(wèn)題，整個(gè)續(xù)寫(xiě)的部分緊扣段首句。

　　[例2]Directions :Write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No power in three paragraphs, you are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph:

　　1�盓ver since early this century,electricity has become an essential part of our modern life.

　　2�盜f there were no electric power,...

　　3�盩herefore,...

　　[范文]

　　What Would Happen If There Were No Power

　　Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life. It has played a decisive role in the modern world. Everybody admits that development of our civilization depends on electricity.

　　If there were no electricity power, our modern world would be in trouble. For instance, all the wheel would stop because without the power the machine would cease working. And all the electrical equipment life would be impossible and in a great mass without electricity.

　　Therefore, we should make better use of elective power. On the other hand, we should educate people to economize on electricity and not to waste energy resources. At the same time we must do our best to exploit more electric resources to meet the requirements of human beings.

　　第一段的段首句是講電已經(jīng)成為人們現(xiàn)代生活中必不可少的部分，因而接下來(lái)的續(xù)寫(xiě)部分應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)它的重要性。第二段的段首句提出如果沒(méi)有電的假設(shè)，下面列出沒(méi)有電將會(huì)出現(xiàn)的麻煩。最后一段指出我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約用電，開(kāi)拓更多的電力資源。

　　第二節(jié)提綱作文

　　提綱作文是要求考生根據(jù)所給出的作文題目和提綱(一般為中文提綱)進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作。中文提綱大多是以三個(gè)單句的形式出現(xiàn)的。寫(xiě)提綱作文，首先要做的就是審題，并要仔細(xì)分析題目中所列舉的提綱。審?fù)觐}后應(yīng)該根據(jù)提綱擬出三個(gè)英文的主題句，再在這些主題句的基礎(chǔ)上擴(kuò)展成文。在擴(kuò)展的過(guò)程中一定要做到條理清楚，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山。

　　[例1]Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Good Health according the following outline. Your composition is less than 120 words.Remember that the contents of the outline should all be included in your composition.

　　Outline:

　　1�苯】档闹匾�性

　　2�北３纸】档姆椒�

　　3�蔽业淖龇�

　　[范文]

　　Good Health

　　Good health is very important to everyone. With it, we can study hard, we can serve our country, we can do everything as we like. Without good health, everybody knows that we will fail to do things. We can’t work efficiently, we may stay in hospital, we�餷l become a burden of our family.

　　In my opinion, there are two ways for us to keep fit. First, we must eat a balanced diet. That is to say, we must eat not only eggs, fish and meat, but also some vegetables and fruit everyday. Besides eating properly, drinking clean water is also important. Never get addicted to drinking the soft drink.Second, exercising is a vital part of our daily life. We can do some running in the morning and play football in the afternoon.

　　As a university student, I pay much attention to physical exercises. I do some swimming in summer and some skating in winter. I often play badminton and tennis. I am also careful with my diet. In a way, keeping healthy is not very hard if you just take it seriously.

　　文章開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山就點(diǎn)出了主題：Good health is very important to everyone。然后作者很巧妙地用了with 和without這兩個(gè)介詞從正反兩個(gè)方面舉出了具體的事例來(lái)支持自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。另外，with和without這兩個(gè)詞常用于議論文中，用“正證法”和“反證法”來(lái)對(duì)各論點(diǎn)或觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論述。第二段的開(kāi)頭句緊扣提綱，概括地提出保持健康有兩種方法，并且通過(guò)first, second這樣的指示詞,使所列舉的事實(shí)條理化。最后一段告訴讀者自己的做法，也緊扣了提綱。