教育旨在培養(yǎng)社會(huì)需要的各類人才，而非只以考場(chǎng)論英雄。然而，現(xiàn)行教育體制下確實(shí)存在考試決定一切的現(xiàn)象，它已造成了太多的負(fù)面影響。

　　Examinations Exert a Negative Influence on Education

　　Though all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.① They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.

　　As anxiety makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success or failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of sharp competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of drop-outs, young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even begun a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?

　　A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memories.② Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming.③ The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under pressure.

　�。�244 words］

　　行文點(diǎn)評(píng)

　　本文采用總分結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行論證，第一段，開(kāi)頭舉出一種反面觀點(diǎn)：考試可以測(cè)試掌握知識(shí)的程度，然后予以反駁，舉出與此相悖的共識(shí)，并加以闡述從而提出作者觀點(diǎn)：考試并不能說(shuō)明一個(gè)人真正的能力和資質(zhì)。然后下面的兩段分別論述了考試的兩個(gè)弊病。第二段主要論證考試作為焦慮癥制造者對(duì)于學(xué)生身心發(fā)展的影響，并結(jié)合事實(shí)引起讀者共鳴。第三段論述考試的第二個(gè)弊端，不能訓(xùn)練人獨(dú)立思維的能力反而與之相悖。

　　本文的論述十分精彩，第二段詳盡的論述將論點(diǎn)表述得淋漓盡致。兩個(gè)反問(wèn)句的連續(xù)使用加強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)氣使得論證更有震撼力。第三段中結(jié)合實(shí)際論述了考試在訓(xùn)練學(xué)生思維方面的欠缺之處，but否定句式更加強(qiáng)了說(shuō)服力。

　　好文妙譯

　　考試對(duì)教育的負(fù)面影響

　　盡管有很多人虔誠(chéng)地宣稱考試可以測(cè)出你掌握的知識(shí)，卻有這樣一個(gè)普遍的共識(shí)，即考試所做的往往與之相悖。考試或許是一種測(cè)驗(yàn)記憶力的好方法，或許是測(cè)驗(yàn)在極端壓力下快速工作的訣竅。但是它卻不能說(shuō)明一個(gè)人真正的能力和資質(zhì)。

　　考試作為“焦慮癥制造者”是無(wú)人能及的。這是因?yàn)橛心敲炊嗍虑槎加匈囉诳荚��？荚囋谖覀兊纳鐣?huì)中是成功或失敗的標(biāo)志。在具有決定意義的某一天，你的一生可能就被決定了。一個(gè)孩子步入學(xué)校大門(mén)那一刻起，他便步入了一個(gè)殘酷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的世界。在那里，成功和失敗都被明白無(wú)誤地加以定義和衡量。輟學(xué)者的數(shù)量日漸增加——那些年輕人甚至還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始從事一種職業(yè)便被作為徹底的失敗者而被判出局——對(duì)此，我們難道不納悶嗎?我們難道對(duì)學(xué)生中的自殺率不感到驚詫嗎?

　　除了其他目的之外，良好的教育應(yīng)該訓(xùn)練人獨(dú)立思維的能力。考試卻根本做不到這一點(diǎn)。學(xué)生必須學(xué)些什么已由教學(xué)大綱生硬地規(guī)定了下來(lái)的東西，這便鼓勵(lì)了學(xué)生去死記硬背�？荚嚥坏�未能激發(fā)學(xué)生去廣泛地閱讀，反而限制了他們的閱讀范圍。它不但未使學(xué)生能夠去追求更多的知識(shí)，反而誘導(dǎo)了死記硬背。最成功的應(yīng)試者往往不是受教育最好的人，他們只不過(guò)是在應(yīng)付工作壓力的技巧方面最訓(xùn)練有素罷了。

　　詞匯斟酌

　　��exert vt.�北M(力),施加(壓力等),努力 v. 發(fā)揮,竭盡全力

　　��pious a. 虔誠(chéng)的, 盡責(zé)的

　　��knack n. 訣竅

　　��aptitude n. (尤指學(xué)習(xí)能力方面的)才能，能力，資質(zhì)，天資

　　��dropout n. 中途退學(xué)，輟學(xué)學(xué)生

　　��utter a. 全然的，徹底的，絕對(duì)的；vt. 發(fā)出，作聲

　　��syllabus n. 課程提綱，教學(xué)大綱

　　��induce vt. 勸誘，促使，導(dǎo)致

　　��cram v.強(qiáng)行灌輸，死記硬背

　　佳句臨摹

　�、� 【注釋】it is...that…常見(jiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣

　　【臨摹】It is huge sums of money that ( which ) Western health care system are spending on the surgical treatment of the disease. 西方國(guó)家醫(yī)療保健機(jī)構(gòu)在心臟病的手術(shù)治療上，開(kāi)支確實(shí)是巨大的。

　�、凇咀⑨尅縧ay down規(guī)定，制定；放下，交出

　　【臨摹】Lay down the law and tell her you will not stand for this kind of behavior.把話講清楚，告訴她你不會(huì)容忍這種行為。

　　【臨摹】We are never afraid to lay down our lives for the right cause.為了正義的事業(yè)我們絕不怕?tīng)奚�自己的生命�?/P>

　�、邸咀⑨尅縩ot…but…�辈皇恰�而是…

　　【臨摹】What we concern is not the result of your exam but your attitude toward your study.我們?cè)诤醯牟⒉皇强荚嚨慕Y(jié)果而是你對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度。

　　思如泉涌

　　Education does not mean teaching people to know what they do not know; it means teaching them to behave as they do not behave.教育不在于使人知其所未知，而在于按其所未行而行。

　　Education has produced a vast population able to read but unable to distinguish what is worth reading.教育造就了一大批人，他們能讀書(shū)，但是不能區(qū)別什么書(shū)值得讀。

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