2007年大學(xué)英語四六級講義——四級寫作（下）

　　申請信(LETTERS OF APPLICATION)

　　該類信件主要用于求職、求學(xué)或辭職以及其它請求，是一種十分重要的正式函件。一般來說，寫申請信時(shí)要附上個(gè)人簡歷。申請信是一種自薦形式，申請人向某個(gè)單位或?qū)W術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)推薦自己從事某種工作或就讀某個(gè)學(xué)科。在寫申請信時(shí)，要注意簡明扼要，突出重點(diǎn)，能馬上引起人們注意。

　　申請信有兩種類型：一種是對某一招聘廣告所提及的職業(yè)提出申請(a response to a specific advertisement)，另一種不必以招聘廣告為據(jù)，是推測某種可能性而提出的申請(application on speculation)。寫申請信文字講究規(guī)范化，提供的信息要真實(shí)、簡潔，語氣要肯定、自信。例如，大學(xué)生在求職時(shí)，有一個(gè)不利之處在于缺乏工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在表達(dá)該意思時(shí)，一般我們不用 “I don’t have much experience in …”，而選擇 “I am eager to get more experience in…”。后者比前者要積極很多。

　　申請信的格式分為齊頭式(full flock)，混合式(block)和縮行式(semi-block)三種。從三種格式看：現(xiàn)時(shí)商務(wù)、政務(wù)等公務(wù)中流行的齊頭式每行都自左至右頂格開始;混合式的信頭、日期、結(jié)束語和簽名都安排在信紙的中間偏右部位，其他部分與齊頭式一樣，每行都自左邊頂格開始;縮行式與混合式不同的地方是信的正文每段第一行都與寫普通文章的段落寫法一樣。應(yīng)該指出的是，這三種形式都是可以接受的，沒有優(yōu)劣之分。但在使用時(shí)，不可混用，一旦決定采用某種格式，在同一封信中就必須保持一致，而不要中途改變。

　　申請信屬于正式公函，一般包括公函的幾個(gè)基本部分：信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束套語、簽名。有的簽名后還有外加部分，如附言(Postscript,略作P. S.)、附件(Enclosure,常略作Encl.)、副本抄送(Carbon Copy,略作cc.)。若有這些附加部分的其中一項(xiàng)或兩項(xiàng)，均齊頭寫在左下方。

　　信頭包括寫信人自己的姓名、地址和寫信的日期;信內(nèi)地址包括收信人的姓名、職務(wù)和地址;稱呼一般用“Dear Sir”，或者“Gentlemen”，有時(shí)偶爾也用“Dear Sir or Madam”，當(dāng)然具體稱呼“Dear Mr. Smith”(男性)，“Dear Miss Smith”或者“Dear Mrs. Coles”和“Dear Ms. Mckay”(女性)都是可以的。公務(wù)信件的正式結(jié)束語可以是“Yours Truly”，“Yours Very Truly”，“Yours Sincerely”或者“Sincerely”等。簽名必須清楚，若是打字的信件，簽名要簽在打字姓名的上面。

　　申請信的正文一般可以由幾個(gè)短的段落組成。第一段寫明你申請的職位或工作，說明是什么原因使你提出申請，或者你在何時(shí)何處看到的招聘廣告而做出回應(yīng)。第二段著重寫你的教育背景、特殊技能和主要工作經(jīng)歷(與所附簡歷吻合)，這些是你被錄用的基本條件。第三段寫明你為什么要到所申請公司或所申請單位工作的理由。這是你向往該公司的原因，文字夸張一點(diǎn)是可以的，但不要說謊。比方說“Your company is the only place I have ever wanted to work”就顯得不明智，而說“Your company’s reputation for good service to its customers and fairness to its employees has prompted me to apply”就使人聽起來感到很合情理，很舒暢。第四段可以寫你能應(yīng)聘或面試的具體時(shí)間或其他合理要求。最后是禮節(jié)式的表態(tài)，如可以用“Thank you for considering my application”。以上所述是申請信正文結(jié)構(gòu)的大致安排，當(dāng)然大家也可以靈活掌握，有所變通，只要把這幾層意思表達(dá)出來就行了。

　　大家看下面的實(shí)例，體會(huì)申請信的寫作特點(diǎn)。

　　實(shí)例 1 求職申請信

　　Model Composition

　　February 14th, 2005

　　Ms Alice Green, Store Manager

　　Carefour

　　Building 8, Red Star Street

　　Dongcheng Distric, Beijing

　　Dear Ms Green:

　　You want retail clerks and managers who are accurate, enthusiastic, and experienced. You want someone who cares about customer service, who understands merchandising, and who can work with others to get the job done. When you are ready to hire a manager trainee or a clerk who is willing to work toward promotion, please consider me for the job.

　　Working as clerk and then as assistant department manager in a large department store has taught me how challenging a career in retailing can be. Moreover, my AA degree in retailing (including work in such courses as retailing, marketing, and business information system) will provide your store with a well-rounded associate. Most important, I can offer Carefour Dongcheng Store more than my two years’ of study and field experience: You will find that I am interested in every facet of retailing, eager to take on responsibility, and willing to continue learning throughout my career. Please look over my resume to see how my skills can benefit your store.

　　I understand that Carefour prefers to promote its managers from within the company, and I would be pleased to start out with an entry-level position until I gain the necessary experience. Do you have any associate positions opening up soon? Could we discuss my qualifications? I will phone you early next Wednesday to see whether we can arrange a meeting at your convenience.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Adam Smith

　　Enclosure

　　分析：在第一段中，申請人通過對所申請職位的描述與自己的條件，迅速地引起收件人的注意。第二段中申請人點(diǎn)明了自己的個(gè)人素質(zhì)與技能，這些在簡歷里難以展示，使收件人對申請人有更清楚的了解。第三段申請人對公司晉升政策的了解肯定會(huì)引起讀者的興趣。雖然最后一段用的是第一人稱I，但文章的中心與重點(diǎn)還是在讀者身上。

　　實(shí)例 2 留學(xué)出國申請信

　　Directions: Imagine you want to study in a US university for a master’s degree. Your composition should include:

　　l an introduction of yourself,

　　l why you want to study in that university, and

　　l your thanks.

　　You should write no less than 120 words.

　　Model Composition

　　To whom it may concern,

　　My name is Li Ming and I am now studying at Peking University and going to graduate in this July. My major in the university is chemistry and I hope to study in your university for a master’s degree.

　　There are many reasons why I want to study in your university. Here are just some: To begin with, because your university is a world-famous one and especially good at chemistry. I know some Nobel Prize winners for Chemistry once worked in the Department of Chemistry in your university. I believe I will get an excellent education in your university. What’s more, I am qualified to study in your university. I have been studying hard at Peking University, one of the best universities of China and I have all “As” in my courses. Also I am good at sports, especially basketball and football. Last but not least, I am very much interested in chemistry and plan to devote myself to the study of it. In all I think I can study well in your university.

　　Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours Sincerely

　　Li Ming

　　下面是在寫申請信時(shí)的一些常用句型：

　　開門見山點(diǎn)明寫信目的時(shí)常用：

　　ü I am very interested in your advertisement for an Internet Engineer in China Daily March 8. I would like to apply for the position.

　　ü Your advertisement for an Internet Engineer in China Daily March 8 has caught my attention. I would like to apply for this position.

　　ü In reply to your advertisement for a Marketing Manager in Chicago Tribune January 5, I offer my service for this position.

　　介紹學(xué)歷時(shí)，常用以下句型：

　　ü I will graduate in the summer of 2005 from the Department of Automatic Control, North China Electric and Power University.

　　ü I will graduate with a Bachelor of Engineering degree from Tsinghua University in the summer of 2005.

　　ü I will earn my B. S. degree from Beijing University in the summer of 2005.

　　ü I hold / have a Bachelor degree in Mechanical Engineering.

　　在介紹自己工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)，常用：

　　ü I have worked part time as a computer programmer for two years with the Carpenter Company.

　　ü I have had two years’ part time experience as a salesman.

　　ü I have been in the part time employment of the Import and Export company of Shanghai for two years.

　　介紹自己的工作能力時(shí)，常用以下句型：

　　ü I am well acquainted with office work / import and export businesses.

　　ü I have a good understanding of server hardware, remote administration, and networking hardware.

　　ü I have a working knowledge of image size, file formats, and networking hardware.

　　ü I am highly competent and self motivated to work in a fast moving, ever changing and demanding environment.

　　介紹自己的語言能力時(shí)，常用以下句型：

　　ü I have strong written and verbal communication skills.

　　ü I am fluent in both written and spoken English.

　　ü I have a good command of both written and spoken English.

　　ü I am good at both written translation and oral interpretation.

　　求職信結(jié)尾時(shí)常用以下句型：

　　ü If any further material is still required for my application, please let me know at your earliest convenience.

　　ü Should further information be required, please let me know.

　　ü I hope you could favor me with a prompt reply.

　　ü I am looking forward to a favorable answer.

　　ü I would be most happy if you could favor me with an interview.

　　ü I would appreciate your reply at your earliest convenience.

　　請假條A sick Leave

　　Suppose you are a student and are ill so you cannot attend the class today. Write a sick leave to your teacher.

　　Dear Prof. Kang,

　　I am very sorry to tell you that I cannot attend today’s lecture held by you owing to the fact that I caught a bad cold last night. The doctor said that I should stay in bed for a couple of days. Thus I am compelled to ask for sick leave of two days. I shall make up for the missing classes by consulting my classmates and return to class as soon as I feel better.

　　Enclosed with this letter is the doctor’s certificate.

　　Yours respectfully

　　Li Ming

　　Follow-up Exercises

　　Exercise 1

　　A Report: Views on China’s Entry into the WTO

　　To: Mr. Adam Smith

　　From: Mr. Wang Li

　　Subject: Views on China’s Entry into the WTO

　　Date: January 10, 2002

　　Model Composition

　　As required I chose 500 subjects and asked them, through telephone, about what they thought about the recent entry of China into the WTO. Here is what I get from the survey:

　　For the majority of people (about 60%), this entry into the WTO is a great success both nationally and internationally. They argue that, on one hand, it stands for the government’s determination to open China further to the world. On the other hand, they also believe that the WTO needs China, for it is well known that China is quickly becoming the largest market on the surface of our planet.

　　A smaller group of subjects (about 30%) remain suspicious, or pessimistic of the event. They express deep concern for the future of China’s state enterprises. For them, foreign competitors will destroy domestic products and make millions of workers unemployed.

　　This is what we can get from the survey. If you need more information, please let us know. (158 words)

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