2010年12月英語四六級語法備考指導：定語從句

　　1)This is the museum ___ you visited a few days age

　　A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one

　　2)This is the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

　　A. where　B. that　 C. on which　D. the one

　　關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom,that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關(guān)系副詞 (where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語)。

　　5.限定性從句和非限定性從句

　　1)定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如：

　　Her sister who is a nurse stands there.(限制性)

　　Her sister, who is a nurse, stands there. (非限制性)

　　All the Greeks who are philosophers are very clever. (限制性)

　　All the Greeks, who are philosophers, are very clever. (非限制性)

　　2) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：The traffic of Beijing is quite bad, which is known to everyone.

　　6.定語從句的省略

　　(1) 關(guān)系代詞充當從句賓語

　　我們前面說到連接詞在定語從句中充當一個成分，有可能是主語、有可能是賓語，我相信大家肯定還記得，這里我們要告訴大家，當這些連接詞充當?shù)氖琴e語時，可以省略。例如：

　　1. The book (that/which) we bought last year is now very popular.

　　2. We can see the boys (who/whom/that) the teacher is talking with are quite happy.

　　上述第一句的book是先行詞，作后面的定語從句中bought的賓語，故引導詞that/which可以省略，第二句的先行詞students作with的賓語，故引導詞who/that/whom也都可以省略，

　　(2) 關(guān)系代詞充當從句主語

　　當關(guān)系代詞充當從句主語時，也可以省略，但是省略后的從句要發(fā)生形式的變化，原從句若為主動語態(tài)，后面的動詞結(jié)構(gòu)要變成分詞ing形式，原從句若為被動語態(tài)，后面的動詞結(jié)構(gòu)直接為過去動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在英語語法中稱為分詞作定語。

　　The novel which was given by the professor mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy.

　　The novel given by the professor mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy.

　　The novel which mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy was given by the professor.

　　The novel mainly discussing the development of Chinese economy was given by the professor.

　　SP: (1) why的先行詞reason或可用that 指代的名詞也是定語從句的原因狀語時，例如：

　　1. That is the reason (for which/why) you dislike it.

　　2. I wonder the reason (why/for which) he changed his mind.

　　(2) 表示方式的先行詞way，其后的關(guān)系代詞可用that，也可省略，例如：

　　1. Everyone does not like the way (that) he talks.

　　2. Do you know the way (that) the teacher treated his students.